29 CHAPTER 4. DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS Introduction This chapter presents the findings of the study. It is a non-evaluative reporting of the data, including tables, figures and charts where applicable. If hypotheses or research questions guided the study, data are reported relative to each hypothesis or research question. This chapter should include analysis of the validity of the data, explanation of how the raw data relates to the questions asked in the study, and identification of sources of error and their impacts. Keep in mind that you should always introduce, present, and discuss the visual organizers used in this chapter. Never insert them without these three steps. It is often best to develop all the tables, graphs, and charts before writing any text for this chapter. General questions to ask before starting to write Chapter 4: 1. Are there sufficient data to answer each of the research questions/hypotheses asked in the study? 2. Are there sufficient data to support the conclusions you will make in chapter 5? 3. Is the study written in the third person? Never use first person. 4. Are the data clearly explained using a table, graph, chart, or text? 5. All tables, figures etc must be formatted according to APA style 6. Full transcripts should not be included in the document, only excerpts as needed to illustrate the results. 7. Make sure the presentation of your results is aligned with your specific research design and data analysis strategy in chapter three. The introduction to Chapter 4 should be brief. Include a description of your problem for the study, the research questions/hypotheses, the methodology, and a quick description of what will be covered in this chapter. Write this chapter in the third person (never use first person). Does the Introduction section: 1. Provide a brief introduction to remind the reader of the focus and purpose for the study? 2. Provide the research questions and/or hypotheses? (Note: These can also be used to frame the presentation of the data.) 3. Provide a brief description of the methodology used in the study? 4. Provide a brief description of what will be presented in Chapter 4?