BEPLS Vol 8 [11] October 2019 98 | P age ©2019 AELS, INDIA Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology and Life Sciences Bull. Env. Pharmacol. Life Sci., Vol 8 [11] October 2019 : 98-104 ©2019 Academy for Environment and Life Sciences, India Online ISSN 2277-1808 Journal’s URL:http://www.bepls.com CODEN: BEPLAD Global Impact Factor 0.876 Universal Impact Factor 0.9804 NAAS Rating 4.95 ORIGINAL ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS Thyroid Dysfunction and Prevalence of both clinical and subclinical form of Hyperthyroidism and Hypothyroidism in District Mardan, KPK, Pakistan Zia Alam¹, Mubassir Shah 1 , Mudassir Khan 2 , Waqar Ali 1 , Amir Shehzad 1 , Jawad Ali Shah 3 , Hajra Shahana 4 , Aziz Ahmad 5 , Fazal Jalil¹ 1 Department of Biotechnology Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KPK, Pakistan 2 Atta Ur Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, NUST Islamabad, Pakistan 3 Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan 4 Women University of Swabi Pakistan 5 Medical Lab Technology Faculty of Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan * Corresponding Author: fazaljalil@awkum.edu.pk ABSTRACT Thyroid issue has been accounted for more than 110 nations around world. This study was aimed to determine the ratio of clinical and subclinical forms of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism in district Mardan KPK, Pakistan. The study was conducted in Mardan from June 2018 to May 2019. Blood Samples (5ml) from 686 individuals were collected in vacutainer tubes and were shifted to Aziz biotech medical laboratory. Blood was centrifuged at 3000rpm to isolate serum for biochemical analysis. The qualitative measurement of TSH, T3, and T4 was done through chemiluminescence Immunoassay (CLIA) using Acculite CLIA Micro-wells using standard protocol of TSH, T3 and T4 kits (CLIA kit, AutoBio Diagnostics LTD, China). Out of the total 686 subjects [Females 494 (72.02%) and Males 192 (27.98%)], 142 individuals [109 (22.06%) females and 33 (17.18%) males] were found to be positive for both clinical and subclinical form of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. The subclinical form of Hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism was found to have higher ratio that is 36 (5.24%) and 40 (5.83%), respectively. Furthermore, both the clinical and subclinical form of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism were found to have almost similar ratio in the affected individuals of current study. In Mardan thyroid dysfunction are more typical in females when contrasted with males. The most reasonable justification could be iodine insufficiency. To take-over this disease early diagnosis and treatment should be done as ahead of schedule as possible. Key words: Hyperthyroidism, Subclinical Hyperthyroidism, Hypothyroidism, Subclinical Hypothyroidism, Thyroid dysfunction, Mardan KPK. Received 22.07.2019 Revised 27.09.2019 Accepted 03.10. 2019 INTRODUCTION Thyroid issues have been accounted for in more than 110 nations of the world with 1.6 billion individuals in risk because of lack of some iodine supplements. A large portion of these are developing nations, Africa, Asia and Latin America. In Pakistan around 20 million individuals lives in iodine lacking territories, in which 8 million individuals demonstrates some type of iodine inadequacy and somewhere around 1 million have mental disability [1]. Imbalance functions of Thyroid or thyroid gland enlargement can influence thyroid disorders, in which majors are under or over secretion of its hormones, mainly in both cases individuals suffer with thyroid disorders which is differentiated by different signs and symptoms [2]. Thyroid glands have common diseases like endocrine diseases in which some endocrine glands respond to metabolic glands directly while rest are respondent pituitary gland hormones [3].The Patho- physiology of numerous thyroid ailments identified with TSH, T3 and T4. TSH is the prime chemical marker of thyroid function while many thyroid diseases are related to T3, T4 and TSH. Hyperthyroidism is the aftereffect of low TSH profile while high esteem prompts hypothyroidism[4].Serum TSH is brought up in primary hypothyroidism in which T3 and T4 are low yet in mild hypothyroidism T4 might be