Research Article
Environmental, Spatial, and Sociodemographic Factors
Associated with Nonfatal Injuries in Indonesia
Sri Irianti
1
and Puguh Prasetyoputra
2
1
National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Jl. Percetakan Negara No. 29,
Jakarta Pusat 10560, Indonesia
2
Research Center for Population, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (P2K-LIPI), Jl. Jend. Gatot Subroto No. 10,
Jakarta Selatan 12710, Indonesia
Correspondence should be addressed to Puguh Prasetyoputra; pprasetyoputra@gmail.com
Received 19 September 2016; Revised 12 January 2017; Accepted 23 January 2017; Published 3 April 2017
Academic Editor: Habibul Ahsan
Copyright © 2017 Sri Irianti and Puguh Prasetyoputra. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons
Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is
properly cited.
Background. Te determinants of injuries and their reoccurrence in Indonesia are not well understood, despite their importance
in the prevention of injuries. Terefore, this study seeks to investigate the environmental, spatial, and sociodemographic factors
associated with the reoccurrence of injuries among Indonesian people. Methods. Data from the 2013 round of the Indonesia Baseline
Health Research (IBHR 2013) were analysed using a two-part hurdle regression model. A logit regression model was chosen for the
zero-hurdle part, while a zero-truncated negative binomial regression model was selected for the counts part. Odds ratio (OR) and
incidence rate ratio (IRR) were the measures of association, respectively. Results. Te results suggest that living in a household with
distant drinking water source, residing in slum areas, residing in Eastern Indonesia, having low educational attainment, being
men, and being poorer are positively related to the likelihood of experiencing injury. Moreover, being a farmer or fshermen,
having low educational attainment, and being men are positively associated with the frequency of injuries. Conclusion. Tis study
would be useful to prioritise injury prevention programs in Indonesia based on the environmental, spatial, and sociodemographic
characteristics.
1. Introduction
Injuries and violence are a public health threat world-
wide. Tey are attributable to 9% of global deaths, equiv-
alent to more than fve million annual mortality; more
than 90% of these injury-related deaths occur in low-
and middle-income countries (LMICs) [1]. Despite these
fgures, injuries are still neglected in developing countries
[2, 3].
Studies from around the world have shown a negative
relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and child-
hood injury morbidity and mortality [4]. Moreover, Kim
and colleagues’ [5] and Yiengprugsawan and colleagues’ [6]
studies found a negative relationship between income and
injury experience. Furthermore, poor housing conditions are
associated with a broad range of health conditions, including
injuries and mental health [7].
Besides health implications, injuries can also have eco-
nomic repercussions. Keall and colleagues [8] found that the
annual social cost of unintentional home injuries was more
than threefold that of the annual social cost of road injury.
Moreover, workers who return afer experiencing injuries
may have lower wages [9]. Furthermore, injury experience
may degrade cognitive ability which may later afect the
capacity to work [10].
According to the report of the latest Indonesia Baseline
Health Research (IBHR), the prevalence of injury in Indone-
sia increased from 7.5% to 8.2% [11]. Despite this worrying
increase, research on injuries in Indonesia is limited. In
2009, using data from the 2007 round of the IBHR, Riyad-
ina and coworkers [12] investigated the sociodemographic
determinants of road trafc injury (RTI) in Indonesia.
Tey reported a signifcant relationship between age, sex,
education, employment status, living in urban area, and
Hindawi
Journal of Environmental and Public Health
Volume 2017, Article ID 5612378, 8 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/5612378