Quest Journals
Journal of Research in Business and Management
Volume 9 ~ Issue 1 (2021) pp: 42-49
ISSN(Online):2347-3002
www.questjournals.org
*Corresponding Author: Ighoroje, Ese James 42 | Page
Fiscal Policy and Industrial Sector Output In Nigeria
1’
Ighoroje, Ese James
2’
Akpokerere, Othuke Emmanuel (Ph.D)
Department of Banking and Finance, School of Business Studies,
Delta State Polytechnic Ozoro, Delta State, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
The paper studied fiscal policy and industrial sector output in Nigeria within a time period spanning 1987 to
2019. Fiscal policy was disintegrated into government expenditure, tax revenue and budget deficit while
industry sector output was measured as the GDP contribution from the industrial sector. The model developed
was analysed using multiple regression methods based on Johansson cointegration Error Correction Modelling.
The results showed that fiscal policy has a long run and short run effect on industry sector output. The specific
results evidenced that government expenditure and budget deficit have significant positive impact on industry
sector output in Nigeria; while tax revenue has positive but insignificant effect on industry sector output in
Nigeria. The study posits that fiscal policy drives the industrial sector of Nigeria and thus recommended that
should formulate and implement viable fiscal policy options that will stabilize the economy.
KEYWORDS: Fiscal policy, Industrial Output and Gross Domestic Product
Received 15 Jan, 2021; Revised: 28 Jan, 2021; Accepted 31 Jan, 2021 © The author(s) 2021.
Published with open access at www.questjournals.org
I. INTRODUCTION
Nigerian real sector comprises five sectors which are agriculture, industry, construction, trade, and
services (CBN, 2018). The industrial sector is the most significant and impactful of all the sectors in Nigeria.
The sector consists of the Crude Petroleum & Natural Gas, Solid Minerals and manufacturing sub-sectors. The
growth of Nigeria has reckoned the growth of industrial sector, especially the oil and gas sub-sector and recently
effects has geared towards energising the manufacturing sub-sector to enhance productivity, local content,
economic sustainability and development.
The government through concerted fiscal policies, can support industrial sector. Fiscal policy is all the
blueprint and strategies employed obtain revenues, make expenses and repayments in the process of controlling
the economy (Geoff, 2012). The role of fiscal policy in promoting economic stability was recognized very
slowly and not sufficiently until the Great Depression of the 1930s (Bhatia, 2002). In the 1950s and late 1960s,
the Nigerian economy was relatively stable because the economy was based on the agricultural sector, while in
the early 1970s, the pattern of the economy changed absolutely from agricultural sector to oil and gas sub-
sector, which has resulted to the fluctuations in Nigeria’s investment climate. From the 1970s till date, the
Nigerian economy has witnessed various degrees of shocks and disturbances. One of such effects is the low
investment in manufacturing.
The failure to achieve industrialisation, despite several industrial policies and reforms, is common
amongst the developing countries including Nigeria. In the Nigerian context, there has been a protracted and
steady decline in the sectoral contribution of the industrial sector to national productivity and hence economic
development has been disappointingly low while poverty level has increased tremendously (Iwuagwu, 2009).
The major channel of government efforts to industrialisation and enhanced economic development is the fiscal
policy stance. This study thus sought to determine the effect of fiscal policy strategies on the industrial sector in
Nigeria.
Despite that the industrial sector isa vehicles for growth and development, industrialisation policies in
Nigeria has not successfully driven the economy to development. There has been a steady decline in Nigeria
industrial output over the years. The Keynesian school portends that fiscal policies could drive high level
investment in the industrial sector. Extant literature shows that expenditure and revenue are the most prevalent
fiscal policy stance tested in empirical studies, with exclusion of deficit finance by most studies (Imide, 2019;
Oseni, 2015). Most of the reviewed concentrate on the manufacturing sub-sector (Eze & Ogiji, 2013; Osinowo,
2015; Arikpo, Ogar and Ojong,2017; Uffie & Aghanenu, 2019; and Imide, 2019), with an exception of Oseni