/ 91
An Indomitable Urge to Penetrate the World of Words:
Reading Amar Jiban in South Asian Context
SRIJA SANYAL
B
orn into a society vehemently opposed to female education, Rassundari Devi (1810-
1899) was a woman of her own kind at the time. The proposed essay intends to
discuss Devi’s autobiographical account, Amar Jiban (My Life, 1876), in the context of the
broader South Asian framework and how it stood not only as a testament of the women’s
position at the time but also reflected on the struggles that women were to undertake in
the time that followed. Being the first ever full-length autobiography in the Bangla literary
space, Amar Jiban received praise and warm welcome, especially so as it was authored by
a woman with extremely restricted economic means in a time when female literacy was
not even a spared thought. Apart from this fact, what makes the autobiography a valuable
treasure is its commentary on the changing times of the then Bengal and the author’s
own viewpoints on the same. The paper will primarily focus on this narrative that runs
through the text, which, at that point of time, echoed the voice of dissent in a
heteronormative environment characterized by imperialism and reigned by the upholders
of patriarchy. The paper further extends its cynosure to the realm of a fierce struggle of
creating an identity of her own, as undertaken by Devi herself in her lifetime, and her
enduring experiences as a reflection of the striving of women writers in the time to come.
The paper shall culminate the discussion by tracing the economic and social
vulnerabilities, and socio-religious-political constructs behind these vulnerabilities, which
restrict women’s voices while situating Devi’s struggle as a universal one rather than
individual in wider South Asian narrative of both women writers and their writings.
Introduction
The urge to write is a natural one, which, surprisingly and strangely, like many other
aspects, has always been restricted to the menfolk. This is perhaps the foremost challenge
that a “writer with the female gender” has to face while attempting to penetrate an area
which has predominantly been a male one. This becomes quintessentially explicit when
one notices the paucity of autobiographies of women in the literary canon, as transcribing
experiences of a woman’s life has often been deemed as unnecessary as her existence itself.
Meenakshi Malhotra in her book Representing Self, Critiquing Society: Selected Lifewritings by
Women, wonders whether autobiographies are always gendered and argues that texts are
always gender-marked, i.e., the gender of the writer or subject is perceptible and can be
discerned through the writing. This is not to say that the act of writing is biologically
determined or to say that there is a distinct and discernible feminine style. But, as Virginia
Woolf (1882-1941) argues that the stress falls differently with a woman (Woolf, Orlando).
This essay intends to discuss Devi’s autobiographical account, Amar Jiban (My Life,
1876), in the context of the broader South Asian framework to explore how it not only
stood as a testament of the women’s position of the time but also how it reflected the
Journal of Comparative Literature and Aesthetics Vol. 43, No. 4, Winter 2020 [91-99]
© 2020 Vishvanatha Kaviraja Institute, India