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Anthropological Quarterly, Vol. 93, No. 3, p. 401–428, ISSN 0003-5491. © 2020 by the Institute for
Ethnographic Research (IFER) a part of The George Washington University. All rights reserved.
ARTICLE
Time with/out Telos:
Eritrean Refugees’
Precarious Choice of
Im/possible Futures in
Ethiopia and Beyond
Amanda Poole, Indiana University of Pennsylvania
Jennifer Riggan, Arcadia University
ABSTRACT
Why do so many refugees engage in irregular onward movement despite
grave risks and the presence of programs intended to stop them from mi-
grating? We argue that refugees’ active engagement with projects of time-
making frames their decision making. Refugees’ time-making projects
involve ordering time in linear or non-linear sequences through orienting
themselves towards the past, present, near future, or distant future and,
in doing so, creating a relationship between distinct temporalities, refugee
bodies, and the spaces they inhabit. Based on over two years of multi-
sited, multi-leveled ethnographic research which analyzed the relationship
between refugee discourse about onward movement and its relationship
with educational programming intended to stop it, we identify the inter-
play of three distinct forms of temporality among refugees: the empty or
“animal” time endemic in the camp; teleological time such as is inher-
ent to educational processes; and “prophetic time,” a concept we draw
from Jane Guyer’s (2007) work on futurity to describe a form of time that
organizes the present through attachment to distant futures and faraway