International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES) ISSN (Online) 2319-183X, (Print) 2319-1821 Volume 7, Issue 1 (January 2018), PP. 61-63 www.irjes.com 61 | Page Determination of Contact Angle of Various Fluids In oil Industry Mohsen Aldobiani 1 , Hashem Mohammed Al-mahaqeri 1 , Ali Saleh Mareai 1 , OsamahAlgeredi 1 , Purabhi Bora 2 , Dr.A.Rajesh Kanna 3 1 Undergraduate students, Petroleum Department, Lords Institute of Engineering and Technology, India 2 Assistant Professor, Petroleum Department, Lords Institute of Engineering and Technology, India 3 Head of the Petroleum Department, Lords Institute of Engineering and Technology, India Corresponding Author: Mohsen Aldobiani 1 Abstract: Contact Angle measurement is a classical method widely used in chemical engineering to derive the wettability in three-phase system (gas/liquid/solid, or liquid/liquid/solid). The method was introduced into petroleum engineering more than 50 year ago. This method is used to determine reservoir formation wettability. The imaging method is easily carried out in the laboratory and gives you a clear understanding of wetting mechanism in oil-water-rock system. Generally, sandstone formation and carbonate formation are represented by small polished quartz and carbonate blocks, respectively. A small drop (2-3mm) of water is laid on the smooth surface of rock which has previously been submerged in an oil-filled transparent cell. Then, the enlarged image of the water drop is obtained by photographing. The dimensions of the drop image are used to calculate the contact angle in the system. Keywords: Contact angle, Wettability, Imaging method, Quartz, Photographing --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Date of Submission: 19 -01-2018 Date of acceptance: 31-01-2018 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I. INTRODUCTION When a liquid is brought into contact with a solid surface, the liquid either expand over the whole surface or form small drops on the surface. In the first case the liquid will wet the solid completely, whereas in the later case a contact angle >0 will develop between the surface and the drop. When two immiscible fluids contact a solid surface, one of them tends to spread or adhere to it more so than the other. Adhesion tension, which is a function of the interfacial tension, determines which fluids preferentially wet the solid. Ideally, the shape of a liquid droplet is determined by the surface tension of the liquid. In a pure liquid, each molecule in the bulk is pulled equally in every direction by neighboring liquid molecules, resulting in a net force of zero. How-ever, the molecules exposed at the surface do not have neighboring molecules in all directions to provide a balanced net force. Instead, they are pulled inward by the neighboring molecules, creating an internal pressure. As a result, the liquid voluntarily contracts its surface area to maintain the lowest surface free energy. The significance of contact angle hysteresis has been extensively investigated, and the general conclusion is that it arises from surface roughness and/or heterogeneity. For surfaces that are not homogeneous, there exist domains that present barriers to the motion of the contact line. II. METHODOLOGY Contact Angle measurement is a classical method widely used in chemical engineering to derive the wettability in three-phase system (gas/liquid/solid, or liquid/liquid/solid).The method was introduced into petroleum engineering more than 50 year ago. This method is used to determine reservoir formation wettability. The imaging method is easily carried out in the laboratory and gives you a clear understanding of wetting mechanism in oil-water-rock system. Generally, sandstone formation and carbonate formation are represented by small polished quartz and carbonate blocks, respectively. A small drop (2-3mm) of water is laid on the smooth surface of rock which has previously been submerged in an oil-filled transparent cell. Then, the enlarged image of the water drop is obtained by photographing. The dimensions of the drop image are used to calculate the contact angle in the system.