~ 1687 ~ Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2021; 9(1): 1687-1690 E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 www.entomoljournal.com JEZS 2021; 9(1): 1687-1690 © 2021 JEZS Received: 04-11-2020 Accepted: 06-12-2020 Prashant Salve M. V. Sc. Student, Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Post Graduate Institute of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Akola, Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences University, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India Ravindrakumar Hatzade Ph.D. Student, Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Ethics and Jurisprudence, Post Graduate Institute of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Akola, Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences University, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India Milind Thorat Professor, Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Post Graduate Institute of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Akola, Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences University, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India Ratnakar Raulkar Assistant Professor, Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Post Graduate Institute of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Akola, Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences University, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India Corresponding Author: Prashant Salve M. V. Sc. Student, Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Post Graduate Institute of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Akola, Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences University, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India Surgical management of urolithiasis in a male dog Prashant Salve, Ravindrakumar Hatzade, Milind Thorat and Ratnakar Raulkar DOI: https://doi.org/10.22271/j.ento.2021.v9.i1x.8376 Abstract A 3 ½ year old male Labrador dog, weighing 37 kg was presented to the Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, Post Graduate Institute of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Akola with the complaint of anorexia, vomition and adipsia since last 3 days. There was anuria and passing of tarry coloured stool. On physical examination it was found that there was slight degree of dehydration with subtle loss of skin elasticity, abdominal pain on palpation, rectal temperature was within normal range (101.4 o F), pink mucus membrane, distended abdomen due to tensed bladder because of accumulation of urine. The case was diagnosed tentatively as urolithiasis. For confirmative diagnosis abdominal radiography, abdominal USG, blood and serum analysis was carried out and the case was finally diagnosed as urolithiasis. Keywords: dog, urolithiasis, cystoliths, urethroliths, retrograde hydropropulsion, os penis Introduction When urine becomes supersaturated with dissolved salts, the salts may precipitate to form crystals (crystalluria). If the crystals are not excreted, they may aggregate into solid concretions known as calculi. Urolithiasis is a term that refers to having urinary calculi or uroliths in the kidney, ureter, bladder, or urethra. Cystolithiasis and cystolithectomy refers specifically to urinary bladder calculi and their removal, respectively. Most canine uroliths are found in the bladder or urethra. Struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate) and calcium oxalate calculi are the most common canine uroliths, followed by urate, silicate, cystine, and mixed types [1] . Urolithiasis poses an acute life-threatening emergency and most frequently obstructs the lower urinary tract in male dogs [2] . The most probable causes of urolithiasis include infections, nutritional deficiencies and mineral imbalances. The mineral deposits which form in the bladder of male dogs get flushed out of the bladder with urine and lodge in the penis just behind the os penis which is the most commonly reported site of obstruction followed by ischial arch in male dogs [2] . Treatment of urolithiasis can be attempted by retrograde urethral hydropropulsion for urethroliths followed by cystotomy [3] , failing of which urethrotomy or urethrostomy is indicated [4] . Cystotomies are commonly performed in small animal practice, most often to remove cystic calculi [5] . Materials and Methods A 3 ½ year old male Labrador dog, weighing 37 kg was presented to the Teaching Veterinary Clinical complex, Post Graduate Institute of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Akola with the complaint of anorexia, vomition and adipsia since last 3 days. As per owner’s information initially there was dribbling of blood tinged urine from urethral orifice which leads to anuria in later stage. The dog was passing tarry coloured feces when presented to the TVCC. On physical examination it was found that there was slight dehydration with subtle loss of skin elasticity, pink mucus membrane, temperature was within normal range (101.4 o F), distended abdomen due to accumulation of urine in the urinary bladder (Fig. 1). At prima facie we suspected the case was of urolithiasis. We tried to pass infant feeding tube number 8 through the external urethral orifice up to the bladder but it could not pass behind the os -penis. Retrograde hydropropulsion was attempted by infusing normal saline through infant feeding tube so as to facilitate the movement of the urolith into the urinary bladder.