Educational Research for Policy and Practice (2020) 19:363–388
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10671-020-09263-9
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
The impact of ethnicity on the sociocultural adjustment
of international students in Thai higher education
Douglas Rhein
1
· William Jones
1
Received: 29 April 2019 / Accepted: 8 April 2020 / Published online: 30 April 2020
© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020
Abstract
International tertiary student mobility will continue to rise as governments and universities
support diversity in education and prioritize international experience. With this mind, it
should be a priority to study the impacts and impediments of student adjustment in their
chosen countries. The authors advance a line of inquiry, which seeks to explore personal
experiences of four distinct groups of tertiary students and identify the positives, and in
particular the negative aspects of their study abroad experience. The central argument which
heretofore has been understudied is that student ethnicity and incompatibility of ethnic group
identities and their expressions mark the central feature inhibiting student adjustment within
the Thai context.
Keywords Thai higher education · Internationalization · Student adjustment · Habitus
1 Introduction
Academic studies of international student adjustment have been a prominent area of cross-
cultural educational research since the 1950s (Smith and Khawaja 2011). Due to the increased
effects of globalization on higher education, it has become apparent that international student
mobility has also increased. This has led to greater empirical attention of the adjustment or
acculturation experiences of international students (Wang et al. 2012). The USA is the largest
host nation for international students with approximately 20% of the total international student
enrollment (Andrade and Evans 2009) while China continues to be the largest exporter of
international students (Gu 2009). An increasing number of Western students who are attracted
to educational opportunities in Asia are now challenging this Western dominant flow, and
this has led to a rise in the number of international students coming to Asia for study abroad
experiences (Lin and Kingminghae 2014). For example, Lavakare predicts that India is likely
to be an educational center for international students in Asia (Lavakare 2018). Yet studies
B Douglas Rhein
Douglas.rhe@mahidol.edu
William Jones
William.jon@mahidol.edu
1
Mahidol University International College, Salaya, Thailand
123