Received: November 17, 2019 | Accepted: February 4, 2020 GEPHYRA 19, 2020, 1-32 The Ancient Routes and New Lycian Inscriptions around Fethiye Fatih ONUR  – Ş. Recai TEKOĞLU  Introduction (F. ONUR) Field surveys conducted on the ancient road network in Lycia since they were officially initiated in 2004 have brought new points of view and new materials to better understand Lycian geography and history. 1 Some of the surveys in 2016, 2017 and 2018, the research reports of which contained some preliminary observations 2 , were concentrated on the county (ilçe) of Fethiye, ancient Telmessos. The area of the Fethiye Plain is ca. 60 square kilometers. The approximate borders extend to Yanıklar to the west, Eldirek to the north, Esenköy (Dont) to the east, and western parts of Fethiye town. Central Fethiye and ancient Telmessos are at the southwestern corner of this plain. According to the Monumentum Patarense (MP), dated to the Early Imperial period, Telmessos’s ancient neighbours were Kalynda to the northwest, Kadyanda to the northeast, Tlos to the east and Pinara to the southeast. Between these, the area of the Telmessian territory can be estimated as measuring ca. 300-400 square kilometers under the Early Empire. The gulf of Fethiye and the settlements around it have been the subject of a well-known study, “Der Golf von Fethiye”, authored by Werner Tietz (2003). This book covers the history of the region from the Bronze Age to the end of Roman Imperial Era, and investigates the individual settlements, including Lydai, Lissai, Krya, Kalynda, Daidala, Hippoukome, Oktapolis, Symbra, Telandros and Telmessos. Kadyanda was excluded on the basis that the city was actually oriented towards Xanthos Valley and to the north, 3 not towards Fethiye Plain. This important observation is relevant also to the discussion of TAM II 127 (see below p. 2), an inscription which raises questions concerning the territories of Kadyanda and Telmessos. Most of the historical and geographical evidence has already been discussed in detail by Tietz. In this paper we will give an  Prof. Dr. Fatih Onur, Akdeniz University, Faculty of Letters, Dept. of Ancient Languages and Cultures, Campus 07058 Antalya (fatihonur@akdeniz.edu.tr; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8568-0222).  Prof. Dr. Ş. Recai Tekoğlu, Dokuz Eylül University, Dept. of History, Tınaztepe Campus, 35390 Buca İzmir (recai.tekoglu@deu.edu.tr; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-2625). This contribution results from the field surveys on the ancient roads of Lycia directed by the late Prof. Sencer Şahin until 2014, by Prof. N. Eda Akyürek Şahin until 2017, and thereafter by Fatih Onur, with permission from the Turkish Ministry of Culture and Tourism. These field surveys have been supported by the Akdeniz University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit within the projects (nos. SBA-2016- 1675 and SBA-2019-4823) and by Koç University - Suna & İnan Kıraç Research Center for Mediterranean Civilisations from 2015 onwards (especially within the project no. KU AKMED 2018/P.1016). This paper also forms a part of F. Onur’s project entitled “The spatial conceptualization of power in the Roman empire: Lycia and Rome in the 1st c. A.D.”, the funding of which has been provided by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. 1 For detailed information on these field surveys and publications of the results please visit: http://adkam.akdeniz.edu.tr/sp-introduction. 2 Akyürek Şahin et al. 2017, 205-212; Akyürek Şahin et al. 2018, 398-401. 3 Tietz 2003, 3.