Acta Tropica 213 (2021) 105730 Available online 21 October 2020 0001-706X/Crown Copyright © 2020 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Identifcation of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) from Mexico State, Mexico using morphology and COI DNA barcoding Adebiyi A. Adeniran a , Luis M. Hern´ andez-Triana b, * , Aldo I. Ortega-Morales c , Javier A. Garza-Hern´ andez d , Josu´ e de la Cruz-Ramos c , Rahuel J. Chan-Chable c , Rafael V´ azquez-Marroquín c, e , Her´ on Huerta-Jim´ enez f , Nadya I. Nikolova g , Anthony R. Fooks b , Mario A. Rodríguez-P´ erez a, 1 a Instituto Polit´ ecnico Nacional, Centro de Biotecnología Gen´ omica, Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Blvd. del Maestro esquina Elías Pi˜ na s/n, Colonia Narciso Mendoza, 88710, Cd. Reynosa, Tamaulipas, M´ exico b Animal and Plant Health Agency, Virology Department, Rabies and Viral Zoonoses, Woodham Lane Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, United Kingdom c Universidad Aut´ onoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Unidad Laguna, Departamento de Parasitología, Perif´ erico Raúl L´ opez S´ anchez y carretera a Santa Fe, Torre´ on, C.P. 27054, Coahuila, M´ exico d Instituto de Ciencias Biom´ edicas, Universidad Aut´ onoma de Ciudad Ju´ arez, Av. Benjamin Franklin no. 4650, Zona PRONAF CP 32315, Chihuahua, M´ exico e Instituto de Salud del Estado de Chiapas, Jurisdicci´ on Sanitaria No. X. 2ª. Norte 325, Centro, Motozintla, 30900, Chiapas, M´ exico f Departamento de Entomología, Instituto de Diagn´ ostico y Referencia Epidemiol´ ogicos, 01480, Mexico City, M´ exico g Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada A R T I C L E INFO Keywords: Mosquitoes Culicidae Species DNA-Barcoding Mexico State ABSTRACT Mosquitoes are commonly identifed to species level using morphological traits, but complementary methods for identifcation are often necessary when specimens are collected as immature stages, stored inadequately, or when delineation of species complexes is problematic. DNA-barcoding using the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene is one such tool used for the morphological identifcation of species. A compre- hensive entomological survey of mosquito species in Mexico State identifed by COI DNA barcoding and morphology is documented in this paper. Specimens were collected from all the physiographic provinces in Mexico State between 2017 and 2019. Overall, 2,218 specimens were collected from 157 localities representing both subfamilies Anophelinae and Culicinae. A species checklist that consists of 6 tribes, 10 genera, 20 sub- genera, and 51 species, 35 of which are new records for Mexico State, is provided. Three hundred and forty-two COI sequences of 46 species were analysed. Mean intraspecifc and interspecifc distances ranged between 0% to 3.9% and from 1.2% to 25.3%, respectively. All species groups were supported by high bootstraps values in a Neighbour-Joining analysis, and new COI sequences were generated for eight species: Aedes chionotum Zavortink, Ae. vargasi Schick, Ae. gabriel Schick, Ae. guerrero Berlin, Ae. ramirezi Vargas and Downs, Haemagogus meso- dentatus Komp and Kumm, Culex restrictor Dyar and Knab, and Uranotaenia geometrica Theobald. This study provides a detailed inventory of the Culicidae from Mexico State and discusses the utility of DNA barcoding as a complementary tool for accurate mosquito species identifcation in Mexico. 1. Introduction Mosquitoes are important vectors with enormous economic and public health importance. There are over 3,574 mosquitoes species worldwide (Harbach, 2020), and the hematophagous females of certain species are responsible for the transmission of numerous pathogens that cause millions of deaths annually (Burkett-Cadena, 2013; Harbach, 2020). Vector surveillance programs undertaken by health authorities at local or state levels are of paramount importance for the vector-borne disease controls administered by health authorities; hence, the success of these programs is dependent on the availability of rapid identifcation methods (Hern´ andez-Triana et al., 2012, 2019). Unfortunately, the * Corresponding author. E-mail address: luis.hernandez-triana@apha.gov.uk (L.M. Hern´ andez-Triana). 1 This author also shares senior authorship. Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Acta Tropica journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/actatropica https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105730 Received 22 May 2020; Received in revised form 8 October 2020; Accepted 9 October 2020