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Therefore, expansion of the Kogelnik theory to account for absorption was neglected. [21] The polymerized films refractive index was 1.52. Layered silicates are bi- refringent, so an isotropic value of n = 1.55 was utilized, which is the mea- sured refractive index (RI) for two of the three axes in montmorillinote clay. Only the real part of the gold refractive index was utilized and the absolute value of the RI modulation was utilized. Values for f c and a for the PS case were estimated based on a single sphere wide column of stacked beads. [22] a) A. E. Chiou, W. Wang, G. J. Sonek, J. Hong, M. W. Berns, Opt. Commun. 1997, 133, 7. b) C. Mio, D. W. M. Marr, Adv. Mater. 2000, 12, 917. [23] M. Campbell, D. N. Sharp, M. T. Harrison, R. G. Denning, A. V. Turber- field, Nature 2000, 404, 53. Aluminum Oxide Photonic Crystals Grown by a New Hybrid Method** By Irmantas Mikulskas ,* Saulius Juodkazis , Rolandas Tomas Æiu Ånas , and Jean G. Dumas Anodic aluminum oxide films (AOFs), specifically their feature of forming structures in a triangular lattice configura- tion on a nanometer scale, have received much attention from the nanodevice industry. From this point of view, the main interest would be using AOFs as a photonic crystal inside a multifunctional chip. A combination of source of light±wave- guide±photonic crystal±detector has already been installed and investigated for A 3 B 5 compounds, [1] showing that AOF devices are relatively flexible materials. The natural way of forming AOFs has been known since the nineteen fifties. [2] In- deed, there has been an explosion of qualitative achievements over the last decade, with two kinds of technologyÐself-or- dered growth and prepattern guided anodizationÐcompeting in the aspects of product quality and expense. Typical AOF pore sizes range from tenths to hundreds of nanometers, [3,4] whereas several hundreds of nanometers are necessary to enter the visible spectral range. [5] Due to its relative simplicity and cheapness, self-ordering fabrication has developed rapidly and, consequently, good results have been attained. [6±8] The invention of the two-step anodization technique has been an important improvement. A more sophisticated and promising technology, involving prepatterning of the substrate surface, has been developed. [9±12] A key point of this technology is the fabrication of a precise mold having appropriate dimensions and good mechanical strength. However, this method uses electron beam lithography on the nanometer scale, which is rather expensive. In both cases, in order to obtain a large void dimension, the anodic voltage plays an important role. A val- ue of 195 V has been defined as optimal for achieving a pore size of about 500 nm; [7] the upper limit of 200 V has not yet been overcome, due to heat dissipation problems. It should be noted that, to favor satisfactory growth, anodization, in most cases, has been performed at a relatively low temperature: close to 0 C. In this communication, we propose an alterna- tive method of substrate prepatterning, using a common opti- cal grating, thus avoiding the use of electron beam lithogra- phy. We transferred the relief of the grating to an aluminum surface, thus covering it with submicrometer arrays. Subse- 1574 Ó WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH, D-69469 Weinheim,2001 0935-9648/01/2010-1574 $ 17.50+.50/0 Adv. Mater. 2001, 13, No. 20, October 16 COMMUNICATIONS ± [*] Dr. I. Mikulskas, Dr. S. Juodkazis, Dr. R. Tomas Æiu Å nas Institute of Materials Science and Applied Research, Vilnius University Sauletekio 10, LT-2040 Vilnius (Lithuania) E-mail: irmantas.mikulskas@ff.vu.lt Dr. J. G. Dumas DØpartement de Physique des MatØriaux UniversitØ Claude Bernard Lyon I, UMR 5586 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918 F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex (France) [**] I.M. acknowledges financial support in the frame of the grant TEMPRA- PECO of the Conseil Regional Rhône Alpes. Financial support from the Lithuanian State Foundation for Science and Studies is gratefully ac- knowledged. Have you got information that may be useful or interesting for the material research community? Send us an email: advmat@wiley-vch.de