411 © Schattauer 2010
Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 6/2010
Original Research
Radiographic features of the dorsal
condylar sagittal ridge of the third
metacarpal and metatarsal bones in
young Warmblood stallions
S. Hauspie
1
; A. Martens
2
; J. Declercq
2
; V. Busoni
3
; K. Vanderperren
1
; H. van Bree
1
;
J. H. Saunders
1
1
Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent
University, Salisburylaan, Belgium;
2
Department of Surgery and Anaesthesia of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Veterin-
ary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan, Belgium;
3
Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medi-
cine, University of Liege, Sart-Tilman; Belgium
Keywords
Equine, metacarpophalangeal joint, meta-
tarsophalangeal joint, radiography, Warm-
blood stallion
Summary
Objectives: To describe the radiographic ap-
pearance of the dorsoproximal aspect of the
sagittal ridge of the third metacarpal/metatar-
sal bone in Warmblood horses.
Methods: The lateromedial radiographic pro-
jections of the metacarpo-/metatarsophal-
angeal joints performed on horses as a part of
stallion selection were used. The dorsal aspect
of the distal third metacarpal/metatarsal bone
was divided in two areas. The appearance of
the bone surface in area I was classified as
normal, irregular, notch, indentation and lu-
cency. For area II, the categories were normal,
irregular, depression or lucency and flattening
of the sagittal ridge. Other abnormalities at
the dorsal aspect were also noted.
Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2010; 23: 411–416
doi:10.3415/VCOT-09-12-0130
Received: December 22, 2009
Accepted: May 13, 2010
Pre-published online: September 9, 2010
Correspondence to:
Stijn Hauspie, DVM
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
Ghent University
Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small
Animal Orthopaedics
Salisburylaan 133
9820 Merelbeke
Belgium
Phone: +32 09 264 7640
Fax: +32 09 264 7657
E-mail: Stijn.hauspie@ugent.be
Funding: Stijn Hauspie is a research fellow of the
“Special Research Fund”, Ghent University (Belgium).
Results: In area I, 51.5% of the ridges appear-
ed normal, 19.3% were irregular, 8.9% had a
notch, 8.1% had a lucency, and 12.2% had an
indentation. In 1.2% of the horses a fragment
was present, and in 1.7% a fragment was sus-
pected.
In area II, 90.6% of the metacarpo-/metatar-
sophalangeal joints were normal, 6.2% were
irregular, 2.9% showed a depression or lucen-
cy, and the sagittal ridge in 0.2% was flat-
tened. A fragment was present in 0.3%, and
suspected in 0.4%.
Clinical significance: Morphological vari-
ation is present at the dorsal aspect of the
metacarpo-/metatarsophalangeal joint in
young Warmblood stallions. These various as-
pects should be recognised and described in
horses presented for prepurchase examin-
ation. However, their clinical relevance in the
individual horse is unclear and needs further
investigation.
Introduction
The dorso-proximal aspect of the equine
metacarpo-/metatarsophalangeal joint is
composed of a thick joint capsule, includ-
ing a synovial pad, a layer of cartilage, sub-
chondral bone, a synovial membrane and
synovial fluid (1–3). Although the exact
function of the synovial pad has not been
studied, its location and structure suggest
that it acts as a contact interface or cushion
between the proximal dorsal rim of the
proximal phalanx and the dorsal surface of
the distal third metacarpal/metatarsal bone
(MCIII/MTIII) during full extension of the
fetlock joint (4). This anatomical region
can be affected by specific disorders (e. g.
osteochondrosis or chronic proliferative
synovitis in the metacarpophalangeal
joint), or it can be involved in a generalised
joint disorder (e. g. capsulitis or synovitis,
osteoarthritis, infectious or traumatic ar-
thritis) (5, 6).
An examination is frequently performed
prior to the sale of a horse in order to assess
the suitability of the animal for the purpose
for which it is required. Depending on the
intended use and value of the animal, a
radiographic examination may be part of
the examination. If a decision is made to
take radiographic images, then projections
of the metacarpo-/metatarso-phalangeal
joints will be included (7). Should the vet-
erinarian make a mistake in interpreting the
radiographic images, the economic and
legal consequences may be disastrous (7).
However, there is a general lack of published
information regarding the clinical signifi-
cance of many radiographic findings, as
well as the acceptable anatomical variations