Research Article Kaposi Sarcoma among HIV Infected Patients in Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria: A 14-Year Retrospective Clinicopathological Study Olakanmi Akinde, 1 Omobolade Obadofin, 1 Titilope Adeyemo, 2 Oladipo Omoseebi, 1 Nzechukwu Ikeri, 1 Ikechukwu Okonkwo, 1 and Olatunji Afolayan 3 1 Department of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, PMB 12003, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria 2 Department of Hematology, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, PMB 12003, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria 3 Department of Surgery, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, PMB 12003, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria Correspondence should be addressed to Omobolade Obadofn; boladeoshaks@gmail.com Received 20 December 2015; Revised 13 February 2016; Accepted 14 February 2016 Academic Editor: Arash Kimyai-Asadi Copyright © 2016 Olakanmi Akinde et al. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Background. Despite the increased incidence of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) resulting from the Human Immunodefciency Virus/Acquired Immunodefciency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) pandemic, there is still signifcant underreporting of KS in this environment. Objectives. Tis study was aimed at determining the incidence and clinicopathologic patterns of KS among HIV infected patients in Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Nigeria, over a 14-year period: January 2000 to December 2013. Methodology. Te materials for this study included patients’ hospital clinical fles, duplicate copies of histopathologic reports, and tissue blocks and corresponding archival slides in the Anatomic and Molecular Pathology Department and the HIV/AIDS unit of the Department of Haematology. Results. Within the study period, 182 cases of KS were diagnosed, accounting for 1.2% of all patients managed for HIV/AIDS and 2.99% of solid malignant tumours. Te male-to-female ratio and modal age group were 1 : 1.3 and 5th decade, respectively. Most cases (90%) had purely mucocutaneous involvement with the lower limb being the commonest site (65.8%). Te majority of lesions were plaques (65.8%). Vascular formation was the predominant histologic type seen (43.5%). Conclusion. KS in Lagos followed the same epidemiologic trend as other centers in Nigeria, with an increasing incidence in this era of HIV/AIDS. 1. Introduction Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a vascular lesion of low-grade malignant potential that presents most frequently with skin lesions. It is the most common AIDS associated malignancy, and human herpes virus type 8 (HHV8) plays a signifcant role in its aetiopathogenesis [1, 2]. A number of studies have reported both a change in the pattern and a dramatic increase in the incidence of KS as a consequence of the increased incidence of AIDS [3, 4]. Te pattern of the disease has shown variation with location and time [5, 6]. For example, the pattern of KS among the Caucasians difers signifcantly from that in tropical Africa in terms of the frequency, risk, sex and age distribution, and trend [7–15]. Even within the same country, the incidence of KS is not uniform. A previous study on malignant skin tumours carried out by Adeyi and Banjo in the center of this study reported only 8 cases of Kaposi sarcoma over 6 years (1990–1995) [16]. In Ibadan, southwest Nigeria, Gana and Ademola reported KS to constitute 8.3% (41 cases) of malignant skin tumours over 20 years (1981–2000) [17]. Oluwasanmi and Osunkoya recorded fewer cases at the same center in 1969 [18]. In a recent study of vasoformative neoplasms by Abudu et al. in Sagamu, no case of KS was seen over a 5-year period (2004–2008) [19]. In contrast to these fndings in southwestern Nigeria, there is a relatively higher incidence of the tumour in the southeastern part of the country. Asuquo et al. reported KS to be the commonest skin cancer in Calabar where 11 cases were seen in two years (2005 and 2006). Tis was at variance with earlier fndings reported Hindawi Publishing Corporation Journal of Skin Cancer Volume 2016, Article ID 9368023, 6 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9368023