SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA SANTA CRUZ, ALONSO DE A prominent figure in the intellectual life of sixteenth- century Spain, Alonso de Santa Cruz contributed to the study of its medieval history in his Chronicle of the Catholic Monarchs. Born in Seville around 1505, he seems to have received his education while resident in the city’s Alcazar: it is not known whether he ever attended a university. By the time of his death, on 6 November 1567, he had been cosmo ´grafo mayor to both Charles V and Philip II and had achieved a mas- sive production of work on cartography, cosmography, astronomy, geography, genealogy and heraldry, eco- nomics and politics, philosophy and history. Unu- sually, in comparison with his scholarly compatriots in the Siglo de Oro, he apparently eschewed religion as a subject, being fired from his early years, spent in and near the Casa de Contratacio ´n in Seville, by enthusiasm for the discoveries then being made in the New World. His long years of academic preparation were developed into practical experience when he ac- companied Sebastian Cabot on his expedition, suppos- edly to the Moluccas but arriving in New Spain, or Mexico, between 1526 and 1530. Even if Santa Cruz had never been a historian of Fernando and Isabel, he would still have been notable for his cosmographical works, such as his Islario general, a description, heav- ily influenced by classical sources, of the islands of the Mediterranean. His chronicle of the Catholic Mon- archs (ca.1550) inevitably relies on earlier writers, such as Andre ´s Berna ´ldez, Fernando del Pulgar, and Lorenzo Galı ´ndez de Carvajal, but it also includes doc- umentary sources. He also wrote a history of the reign of Charles V. JOHN EDWARDS Bibliography Cuesta Domingo, M. Alonso de Santa Cruz y su obra cosmo- gra ´fica. 2 vols. (Madrid, 1983) Contains an edition of the Islario general. Santa Cruz, Al. de. Cro ´nica de los Reyes Cato ´licos. 2 vols. Ed. J. de Mata Carriazo. Seville, 1951. SANTA FE, JERO ´ NIMO DE Joshua ben Joseph ibn Vives al-Lorqi was a Jewish scholar of some renown, possibly the son of Joseph al-Lorqui, an important scientist. The family originated perhaps, from Murcia, but Joshua lived in Arago ´n. There is no evidence he was a “student” of Rabbi Solo- mon ha-Levy of Burgos, but when Solomon (Pablo de Santa Marı ´a) converted (ca.1390), Joshua heard about it and wrote him a Hebrew letter asking the reasons for his conversion (part of Pablo’s reply survives). Sometime thereafter, Joshua himself converted, taking 733 the name Jero ´nimo de Santa Fe. He was baptized by Vicente Ferrer, the Dominican missionary who con- verted perhaps thousands of Jews (his later canoniza- tion was due in large part to his baptism of this impor- tant Jewish scholar). The zealous new convert played a major role in the Tortosa disputation and composed his major work, an anti-Jewish polemic, in Latin shortly after this (Hebraeomastyx). A Hebrew transla- tion was made and circulated widely, arousing numer- ous Jewish responses. The work was largely based on Ramo ´n Martı ´’s Pugio fidei. NORMAN ROTH Bibliography Landau, L. Das apologetische Schreiben des Josua Lorki. Antwerp, 1906. Pozna ´nski, S. “Le colloque de Tortose et de San Mateo.” Revue des E ´ tudes Juives 74(1922),esp.18–22,34–39, 160–64. SANTA MARI ´ A DE CARTAGENA, ORDER OF See MILITARY ORDERS SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA The major urban center of the province of Galicia in the northwest of Iberia during the Middle Ages, San- tiago de Compostela is located between the Tambre and Ulla Rivers about thirty miles inland from the At- lantic Ocean. There is no evidence for a town there during the Roman period but archaeological remains indicate the existence of some sort of Christian shrine and cemetery that continued in use into the subsequent Suevic and Visigothic periods. Both the failure of the archaeological record and the subsequent history of the site suggest its abandonment during the late Visigothic period, the time of the Muslim occupation of Galicia in the first half of the eighth century, and the earliest period of the Christian recovery of the province. The history of the town proper may be said to have begun with the purported discovery there of the relics of St. James the Great by Bishop Theodomir of Iria Flavia sometime around the year 830. Iria Flavia (modern Padro ´n) was a Roman port and bishopric by the Ulla River not far from where the latter flows into the Ria de Arosa and thence into the Atlantic. The discovery of the remains of the apostle was quickly reported to Alfonso II (791–842) of Asturias who had the first shrine-church built on the site. The bishops of Iria Flavia soon began to reside in Compostela at least periodically, a community of clerics was formed to serve at the shrine, and two monastic communities, San Pelayo de Antealtares and San Martı ´n Pinario, also