16 A Quarterly Journal A b s t r a c t This research reviews the role of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and institutional environment in entrepreneurial orientation and development of a successful entrepreneurship-based SME. The aim is to integrate the institutional environment, self-efficacy, to address aforementioned challenges to entrepreneurship-based SME’s development in Nigeria. The review encouraged the role of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and institutional environment in the development of a successful entrepreneurship-based SME. Entrepreneurship is an important engine for sustainable economic development irrespective of the social, economic and geopolitical conditions. However, developing and maintaining an effective entrepreneurship-based small and medium enterprise (SME) is a significant challenge. Key words: Entrepreneurial Orientation, Self-efficacy, Institutional Environment, SMEs, Nigeria Eniola Anthony Abiodun Landmark University Business Studies Department Nigeria E-mail: eniola.anthony@imu.edu.ng E ntrepreneurial Self-efficacy, E ntrepreneurial Orientation, and Institutional E nvironment: SME in Nigeria SCMS Journal of Indian Management, January-March - 2020