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International Journal of Physical Education, Sports and Health 2021; 8(2): 77-84
P-ISSN: 2394-1685
E-ISSN: 2394-1693
Impact Factor (ISRA): 5.38
IJPESH 2021; 8(2): 77-84
© 2021 IJPESH
www.kheljournal.com
Received: 07-01-2021
Accepted: 12-02-2021
Gustave Adolphe Messanga
Department of Philosophy-
Psychology-Sociology,
University of Dschang,
Cameroon
Aline Dounmejong Songong
Department of Philosophy-
Psychology-Sociology,
University of Dschang,
Cameroon
Sylvestre Nzeuta Lontio
Department of Philosophy-
Psychology-Sociology,
University of Dschang,
Cameroon
Corresponding Author:
Gustave Adolphe Messanga
Department of Philosophy-
Psychology-Sociology,
University of Dschang,
Cameroon
Effect of emotional intelligence on sensitivity to
stereotype threat among girls learning to play football
Gustave Adolphe Messanga, Aline Dounmejong Songong and Sylvestre
Nzeuta Lontio
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22271/kheljournal.2021.v8.i2b.2029
Abstract
This study assesses sensitivity to stereotype threat among girls learning to play football. It fits precisely
in the perspective of works on the reduction factors of this phenomenon. It proposes emotional
intelligence as a factor that can reduce sensitivity to this threat; hence the hypothesis: among girls
learning to play football, high emotional intelligence reduces sensitivity to stereotype threat more than
low emotional intelligence. Specifically, participants’ exposure to an ingroup stereotype of incompetence
was expected to impact them differently, depending on their level of emotional intelligence. This
hypothesis was tested through an experiment carried out with 61 female pupils attending the Government
Bilingual High School of Penka-Michel (Cameroon). That exeperiment was conducted in a natural
setting, following the stereotype threat’s experimental paradigm. The results do not support the
hypothesis of the study, although it can be observed that the average performance of participants with
high emotional intelligence is higher than that of their counterparts with low emotional intelligence (f (1,
61) = 6.79; Ŋ
2
= .98; p = .135˃.05; t = .63; p = .532˃.05; M high IE = 3566.67> M low IE = 3433.72). It
is concluded that emotional intelligence does not significantly reduce sensitivity to stereotype threat.
Keywords: stereotype threat, emotions, emotional intelligence, sensitivity to stereotype threat,
performance
1. Introduction
Stereotypes are socially shared beliefs about the personal characteristics, personality traits and
behaviors of the members of a group (Sales-Wuillemin, 2007)
[42]
. This cognitive dimension of
intergroup representations is underpinned by the attribution of negative traits to individuals.
Thus, when stereotypes are internalized and shared by the people who are their targets, they
generate negative emotions that impact their working memory (Schmader et al., 2008)
[44]
. The
consequence is the decline in their intellectual performance; hence the stereotype threat
(Chateignier et al., 2011; De Meyer, 2015; Racky, 2013)
[12, 36, 40]
. If, since the pioneer work of
Steele and Aronson (1995)
[45]
, the specialized literature has focused on establishing the
existence of this threat and explaining its underlying mechanisms in various contexts and with
different populations, one can observe that it is increasingly interested in strategies and factors
that make it possible to reduce its negative impact on performance (Schmader et al., 2008)
[44]
.
The present study is within that perspective.
1.1 The stereotype threat
The question underlying research on stereotype threat is formulated as follows: how do you
explain that negative stereotypes can lead to reduced performance in stigmatized populations?
(Chateignier, 2014)
[13]
The two major explanations offered so far by the literature concern the
way individuals process information relating to the task to be accomplished and the emotions
generated by the threatening situation. Indeed, stereotype threat leads to a reduction in the
capacity to process and filter relevant information for the accomplishment of the task
(Schmader & Johns, 2003)
[43]
. In principle, this filtration is ensured by the working memory
which, because of the threat, sees its processing capacities reduced. The reason for this
reduction is related to the fact that stereotype threat generates intrusive thoughts whose action