http://www.hrpub.org Civil Engineering and Architecture 9(2): 347-356, 2021
DOI: 10.13189/cea.2021.090208
Infrastructure Projects for Green Cities between
Implementation Challenges and Efficiency Indicators
Ahmed M. Selim
1,*
, Doha M. Saeed
2
1
Department of Architecture, Modern Academy for Engineering and Technology, Cairo, Egypt
2
Department of Architecture, Badr University, Cairo, Egypt
Received December 7, 2020; Revised January 28, 2021; Accepted February 24, 2021
Cite This Paper in the following Citation Styles
(a): [1] Ahmed M. Selim, Doha M. Saeed , "Infrastructure Projects for Green Cities between Implementation Challenges
and Efficiency Indicators," Civil Engineering and Architecture, Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 347 - 356, 2021. DOI:
10.13189/cea.2021.090208.
(b): Ahmed M. Selim, Doha M. Saeed (2021). Infrastructure Projects for Green Cities between Implementation
Challenges and Efficiency Indicators. Civil Engineering and Architecture, 9(2), 347 - 356. DOI:
10.13189/cea.2021.090208.
Copyright©2021 by authors, all rights reserved. Authors agree that this article remains permanently open access under
the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License
Abstract The world's population will be 9.2 billion in
2050, which is 2.2 billion more than today, with most of the
increase in Africa, the Middle East, and South Asia. That
will negatively affect the availability of arable land,
infrastructure, and environmental performance of cities,
furthermore, achieving sustainability pillars
(environmental, economic, social) becomes mandatory for
all countries after signing in the recommendation of the
2015 UN Summit, many initiatives and concepts were
adopted to face these challenges and accomplish
sustainable development. The green cities concept (GCC)
and its strategies are considered an optimum approach to
achieve sustainable development objectives and overcome
these challenges, by enhancing performance for the
existing infrastructure, reducing natural resource
consumption, decreasing CO
2
emission, and engaging
citizens in decision-making. On another hand,
infrastructure projects are vital for achieving (GCC)
concept because it reflects the progress and economic
performance of countries. This study discusses the green
cities, conventional and green infrastructure challenges,
then presents Public-Private Partnership (PPPs) as a tool
for implementing and overcoming its challenges from the
green economy and green contracts perspectives. In
addition, concluding an Operational Framework for
implementing infrastructure projects by (PPPs) which
determines the main phases in (PPPs), allocates the most
important strategies for each phase, and indicates the main
internal stockholders who share in decision-making.
Finally, the study assigns (53) efficiency indicators and
obtains a weight for each indicator by identifying the
Relative Importance Index through an online questionnaire
evaluated by (15) experts to track the achievement of the
operational framework.
Keywords Infrastructure Projects, Green Cities,
Implementation Challenges, Efficiency Indictors
1. Introduction
Regarding the 2015 UN summit under title
(Transforming our world: Sustainable Development plan
2030) recommendations, which adapted 17 goals [1], the
newly agenda concentrates on issues related to sustainable
urbanization within specific a goal as: (Goal 11) “make
cities and human settlements safe, inclusive, resilient and
sustainable and strengthen implementation of the
international partnership (Goal 17). As well, a number of
other goals are related to this issue, those on clean water
and sanitation (Goal 6), and affordable and clean energy
(goal 7). In fact, most of the countries adopted different
initiatives to achieve this agenda. Green Cities Concept
(GCC) and its strategies are considered an optimum
approach to achieve sustainable development objectives
and overcome these challenges, where, The (GCC) not
only affects the urban development growth but also the
economic and social growth of the cities as by its aspects
which aim to achieve a reduction in natural resources and