American Journal of Applied Sciences 4 (6): 390-396, 2007
ISSN 1546-9239
© 2007 Science Publications
Corresponding Author: Lina Shbeeb, Ph. D., Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Marka,
P. O. Box. (15008) Amman 11134 Jordan
390
The Use of Polyethylene in Hot Asphalt Mixtures
Mohammad T. Awwad and Lina Shbeeb
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Technology
Marka, P. O. Box. (15008) Amman 11134 Jordan
Abstract: The increase in road traffic during the last two decades in combination with an insufficient
degree of maintenance due to shortage in funds has caused an accelerated and continuous deterioration
of the road network in Jordan. To alleviate this process, several types of measures may be effective,
e.g., securing funds for maintenance, improved roadway design, use of better quality of materials and
the use of more effective construction methods. The use of polymer in asphalt mixture as a modifier
started in the 80s of the last century and has been tested in a number of countries around the World. In
this research, polyethylene as one sort of polymers is used to investigate the potential prospects to
enhance asphalt mixture properties. The objectives also include determining the best type of
polyethylene to be used and its proportion. Two types of polyethylene were added to coat the
aggregate [High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) and Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE)]. The polymers
were introduced to the mixture in two states (Grinded and not Grinded). Marshall mix design was used,
first to determine the optimum bitumen binder content and then further to test the modified mixture
properties. In total, 105 samples were prepared (21 samples were used to determine the binder content
and the remaining samples were used to investigate the effect of modifying the asphalt mixtures). The
optimum asphalt content was 5.4%. Seven proportions of polyethylene of each type and state by
weight of the optimum binder content were selected to be tested (6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 and 18%). The
tests include the determination of bulk density, stability and flow. Marshall mix design requires the
determination of the percentages of air voids and air voids of mineral aggregate. The results indicated
that grinded HDPE polyethylene modifier provides better engineering properties. The recommended
proportion of the modifier is 12% by the weight of bitumen content. It is found to increase the stability,
reduce the density and slightly increase the air voids and the voids of mineral aggregate.
Key words: Hot asphalt mixtures, polyethylene, optimum binder content, marshal test
INTRODUCTION
The increase in road traffic during the last two
decades in combination with an insufficient degree of
maintenance due to shortage in funds has caused an
accelerated and continuous deterioration of the road
network in Jordan. To alleviate this process, several
types of measures may be effective, e.g., securing funds
for maintenance, improved roadway design, use of
better quality of materials and the use of more effective
construction methods. The road network in Jordan has a
primarily flexible pavement design. Several factors
influence the performance of flexible courses, e.g., the
properties of the components (binder, aggregate and
additive) and the proportion of these components in the
mix. Bitumen can also be modified by adding different
types of additive
[1,2]
. One of these additives is the
polymers.
The addition of polymers typically increases the
stiffness of the bitumen and improves its temperature
susceptibility. Increased stiffness improves the rutting
resistance of the mixture in hot climates and allows the
use of relatively softer base bitumen, which in turn,
provides better low temperature performance
[3-5]
.
Polymer modified binders also show improved
adhesion and cohesion properties.
Polymers can be also added to the asphalt concrete
mixtures to form an aggregate coating material. The
coatings would enhance surface roughness of the
aggregates and thus, produce asphalt mixtures with
superior engineering properties
[6]
.
The polymers used in modifying bitumen are
classified as plastomers, or elastomers. Plastomers
include ethylene vinyl acetate, polyethylene
(unstabilized and stabilized) and various compounds
based on polypropylene
[7]
. These products may require