Annalr ofi-outin Research, zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHG Vol. 14. pp. 145- 156, 1987 0160.7385/67 $3.00 + .OO Printed in the USA. All rights reserved. 0 1987 Pergamon Journals Ltd and J. Jafari zyxwvutsrq Impact of Tourism on Archaeological Resources in Hawaii Debra C. Kircb Patrick V. Kircb zyxwvutsrq University of Washington, Seattle, USA Archaeological sites and artifacts-the cumulative record of human occupa- tion, use, and modification of a landscape-are an integral component of any physical environment. Moreover, archaeological resources have come to be legally recognized in the United States as components of the environment which must be considered when assessing the potential impacts of development (King 1977). Thus “ environmental impact statements” required by various federal and state statutes regularly include archaeological resources along with considerations of water quality, impacts on endangered biota, and so forth. In response to this legislatively mandated view of archaeological materials as part of fragile environ- ments, the discipline of archaeology has undergone a major shift from a largely academic endeavor, to one increasingly dominated by “for profit” consultants (Knudsen 1986). In Hawaii, these changes in the perception of archaeological resources and in the conduct of archaeology have coincided with, and in large part been furthered by, massive post-statehood development of tourism (Farrell 1982) and tourism-re- lated infrastructure (resorts, condominiums, roads, airports, and other service structures). As a result, tourism has had a major impact both on the archaeological resource base and on the conduct of archaeology. In this note, we draw attention to this phenomenon, make some preliminary observations regarding the specific impacts of tourism development on Hawaiian archaeology, and conclude with some suggestions for further research. Several factors are critical to understanding the close linkage between tourism development and archaeology in Hawaii. Among these is the geographical distri- bution of archaeological sites which tends to closely coincide with areas of major resort and resort-related infrastructure. Although pre-contact Hawaiian settle- ment patterns lacked truly nucleated towns or cities, the dwelling sites, irrigated conference reports, &Id (industry) reports. and other relevant topicsandknely issues. r Theorgkilational headings for this department are: Research Notes’; Field (industry) Note@; Agency Reportsb; Conference Reports; and Other Notes/Re- portsb. Individuals interested in submitting research notes and reporu should write directly to Dr. Turgut Var. Faculty of Business Administration. Simon Fraser University, Bumaby, B.C. V5A 1% Canada. The Editor reserves the right to evaluate submitted materials for their applicability and usefulness and will decide whether to publish each (in original or edited form) in this Department. ’ Three to five typewritten pages (double space), including bibliography. b One to three typewritten pages (double space), including bibliog-raphy. 145