Function allocation refers to strategies for dis- tributing system functions and tasks across people and technology. We review approaches to function allocation in the context of human machine teaming with technology that exhibits high levels of autonomy (e.g., unmanned aerial systems). Although most func- tion allocation projects documented in the literature have employed a single method, we advocate for an integrated approach that leverages four key activities: (1) analyzing operational demands and work require- ments; (2) exploring alternative distribution of work across person and machine agents that make up a human machine team (HMT); (3) examining interde- pendencies between human and autonomous tech- nologies required for effective HMT performance under routine and off-nominal (unexpected) condi- tions; and (4) exploring the trade-space of alternative HMT options. Our literature review identified meth- ods to support each of these activities. In combination, they enable system designers to uncover, explore, and weigh a range of critical design considerations beyond those emphasized by the MABA–MABA (“Men are better at, Machines are better at”) and Levels of Auto- mation function allocation traditions. Example applica- tions are used to illustrate the value of these methods to design of HMT that includes autonomous machine agents. Keywords: cognitive task analysis, cognitive work analysis, function allocation, human machine teaming, human autonomy teaming, human–automation interac- tion, human system integration, methods, topics INTRODUCTION The advent of advanced technologies that exhibit high levels of intelligence and autonomy (e.g., self-driving cars; unmanned aerial systems [UASs]) raises important questions with respect to how to best distribute tasks across people and autonomous elements and what forms of interaction are required to support effective human machine teaming. The range of ques- tions that arise includes the following: (1) do the new, more autonomous technologies enable a reduction in the number of people tradition- ally required to perform a task (e.g., can you reduce the crew size required to operate an aircraft?)? (2) how should tasks be redistributed across the people and autonomous agents in the system? (3) what kinds of interaction with the new autonomous technology will be required to operate safely and efficiently across a wide range of contextual situations? (4) will the people in the system be able to support these interactions within sustainable levels of work- load? (5) what types of human interfaces will be required to support the necessary interactions? These questions largely fall within the scope of what has traditionally been termed function allocation—a front-end analysis that is con- ducted to establish how system functions and tasks should be distributed across people, hard- ware, and software (MIL-HDBK-46855A, 1999; MIL-STD-46855A, 2011). Function allo- cation covers human–human function alloca- tion, team design, and human–automation func- tion allocation (Joe, O’Hara, Hugo, & Oxstrand, 2015). It is traditionally conducted as part of the human systems integration (HSI) process used during the design of complex systems (MIL- STD-46855A, 2011). In this paper, we review a range of approaches that have been used to 878038EDM XX X 10.1177/1555343419878038Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision MakingShort Title 2019 Address correspondence to Emilie M. Roth, Roth Cognitive Engineering, 765 Frenchmans Road, Stanford, CA 94305, emroth@mindspring.com. Special Issue Function Allocation Considerations in the Era of Human Autonomy Teaming Emilie M. Roth , Roth Cognitive Engineering, USA, Christen Sushereba, Laura G. Militello , Julie Diiulio, and Katie Ernst, Applied Decision Science, USA Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making 201X, Volume XX, Number X, Month 2019, pp. 1–22 DOI: 10.1177/1555343419878038 Article reuse guidelines: sagepub.com/journals-permissions Copyright © 2019, Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.