Journal of Earth Science, Vol. 21, Special Issue, p. 70–74, June 2010 ISSN 1674-487X
Printed in China
Carbon Isotope Development in the Ordovician of
the Yangtze Gorges Region (South China) and Its
Implication for Stratigraphic Correlation and
Paleoenvironmental Change
Zhang Yuandong* (张元动), Cheng Junfeng (成俊峰)
State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
Axel Munnecke
GeoZentrum Nordbayern, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
Zhou Chuanming (周传明)
State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
INTRODUCTION
The Ordovician was a critical period in the
earth’s history. It was rather different in many respects
from today (see review in Servais et al., 2010). For
example, a greenhouse climate state with high carbon
dioxide levels of 8–18 times present atmospheric level
was probably a prevailing character of this period
(Berner, 2001). In recent years, stable carbon isotope
values have been widely used for the stratigraphic di-
vision and correlation of Ordovician rocks (e.g.
Bergström et al., 2008), as well as in paleoenviron-
mental studies (Bergström et al., 2006). A composite
carbon isotope curve through the Ordovician was pre-
sented by Shields and Veizer (2004) and later by
This study was supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences
(No. KZCX2-YW-122), the Ministry of Science and Technol-
ogy (Nos. 2006CB806402, 2006FY1203000-4), and the Na-
tional Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40532009).
*Corresponding author: ydzhang@nigpas.ac.cn
© China University of Geosciences and Springer-Verlag Berlin
Heidelberg 2010
Manuscript received December 22, 2009.
Manuscript accepted January 10, 2010.
Bergström et al. (2008), which shows a spectacular
shift from negative δ
13
C values in the Early Ordovi-
cian to mostly positive values in the Late Ordovician.
On a global scale, several prominent short-lived posi-
tive δ
13
C excursions have been recognized so far: (a)
the mid Darriwilian excursion (Ainsaar et al., 2007),
(b) the early Katian GICE (Guttenberg carbon isotope
excursion or Chatfieldian excursion; Young et al.,
2008, 2005; Saltzman and Young, 2005; Ainsaar et al.,
1999), and (c) the HICE (Hirnantian carbon isotope
excursion; Fan et al., 2009; Bergström et al., 2006;
Young et al., 2005). The GICE excursion, coincident
with a regressive event in central Nevada, was inter-
preted by Saltzman and Young (2005) to be related
with a global, but small-scale cooling event in early
Katian, and was regarded by Bergström et al. (2009)
as a consistent chemostratigraphic feature for the cor-
relation of early Katian rocks. The HICE positive ex-
cursion was globally recognized and widely regarded
as being closely related with the Hirnantian glaciation
and mass extinction. The carbon isotope development
for the remaining interval of the Ordovician is com-
paratively less well-known, partially due to the poor
development of carbonates in many regions and con-
tinents including North America, Baltica and Austral-