Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review 12 (4) (2019) 60 - 68
Research Article
Viability of Utilizing CFRP Composites for Improving the Structural Behavior of
Steel Beams
Khairedin M. Abdalla
*
, Ghazi Abu-Farsakh, and Montaha Al-Shdiefat
Department of Civil Engineering, Jordan University of Science & Technology, Jordan
Received 21 April 2019; Accepted 12 September 2019
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Abstract
This paper presents an experimental investigation to evaluate the viability of utilizing carbon fiber reinforced polymer
(CFRP) composites for strengthening of indeterminate steel beams. Ten steel I-beams were strengthened using
unidirectional CFRP composites in a form of plates attached on the flanges and/or web. The beams were tested as fixed-
ends under a one center load distributed over the piston area. The indeterminate steel beams having two fixed ends required
high load to cause failure. Although, the maximum load carrying capacities were not significantly improved due to
debonding of the CFRP plates, but the strengthened-beams demonstrated reasonable improvement in the flexural-stiffness
and slight increase in the torsional-stiffness. In most cases, the governing buckling-mode for the strengthened and un-
strengthened beams was inelastic lateral-torsional buckling combined with local flange- buckling. The findings of this
study show encouraging enhancement in the structural behavior of intermediate steel beams after strengthening with CFRP
composites. This study provides an important guidance for future research toward development of means to realize the full
potential use of CFRP composites for strengthening of steel beams.
Keywords: Strengthening, CFRP composites, indeterminate steel beams, flexural stiffness
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1. Introduction
Structural steel and reinforced concrete structures are
employed in construction daily all over the world, and the
infrastructure and construction are ever proliferating and
developing. Large number of structures becomes unsafe to
use or deteriorates on a daily basis owing to changes in
design configurations, loading, the use of low-quality
building materials, and/or due to natural events like
earthquakes. It is more economical to repair and retrofit the
deteriorating components than replacing the entire structure.
Moreover, in certain cases as in bridges, the process of
strengthening and rehabilitation take less time and reduce
the possibility of service interruption. The rehabilitation and
strengthening processes were traditionally performed
through attachment of steel plates, but this process is
recently achieved by the use of CFRP composites if a form
of sheets, strips, or plates [1- 7].
Over the past few years, the material strength and
stiffness characteristics of the CFRP sheets improved
greatly [8]. Recently, some types of CFRP composites have
almost double elastic modulus of structural mild-steel
(Figure 1). Also, the advantages of corrosion resistance and
light weight of CFRP composites over steel in highly
corrosive environments make them more effective such as
in off-shore structures [9]. In-service characteristics of the
CFRP composites made them a good choice for
rehabilitation of damaged bridge box girders, because of
their excellent fatigue and strength properties. Their high
strength-to-density ratio made them excellent choice for
retrofitting/strengthening of steel beams and structures [10].
Variations of the mechanical characteristics of CFRP
composites and their effect on the strengthened systems
under various environmental and loading conditions were
studied [11]. The authors studied retrofitting and
strengthening of double-strap joints of corroded steel plates
under tension and also, they investigated the flexural
performance of deteriorated steel I-beams using externally
bonded CFRP composite plates [11]. The strengthened
beams with CFRP plates experienced limited ductility upon
failure; either by debonding or rupture, at higher load
capacities than those of the unstrengthened beams [12].
Fig. 1 Comparison of stress–strain relations of mild steel, CFRP, and
GFRP composites [9]
Narmashiri et al. [12, 13] evaluated the load-carrying
capacities of strengthened steel I-beams, which increased
with increased length and thickness of the CFRP plates. The
use of short CFRP plates led to premature end-debonding,
Strain, %
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
Stress, MPa
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
High
modulus
CFRP
Intermediate
modulus
CFRP
High
strength
CFRP
GFRP
Mild steel
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*E-mail address: abdalla@just.edu.jo
ISSN: 1791-2377 © 2019 School of Science, IHU. All rights reserved.
doi:10.25103/jestr.124.07