08PFL-534
Parametric Study Based on a Phenomenological Model to
Investigate the Effect of Post Fuel Injection on HDDI Diesel
Engine Performance and Emissions–Model Validation Using
Experimental Data
D.T. Hountalas, V.T. Lamaris, and E.G. Pariotis
School of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens
H. Ofner
AVL List GmbH, Fuel and Engine Management Systems, Commercial Powertrain Systems, Graz A-8020, Austria
Copyright © 2008 SAE International
ABSTRACT
A major challenge for researchers and engineers in the
field of diesel engine development is the simultaneous
reduction of both NOx and soot emissions from diesel
engines to comply with strict future emission legislation.
One of the promising internal measures that focus on
the reduction of soot emissions is post fuel injection
which does not have a serious effect on NOx emissions.
The main parameters involved when using this
technique are post fuel quantity and dwell angle
between the main and the post fuel injection events. In
the present work a detailed computational investigation
has been conducted to determine the effect of post fuel
injection on engine performance and pollutant emissions
(NOx and soot). To this scope, a phenomenological
multi-zone combustion model has been used, properly
modified to take into account the interaction of post and
main injected fuel amounts. Using the proposed model a
parametric study has been conducted varying both post
fuel injection quantity and dwell angle and maintaining
model’s constants the same when switching from normal
to post injection. From this analysis it is revealed that
post fuel injection enhances soot oxidation due to the
increase of in-cylinder temperature at the late phase of
combustion cycle, and mainly due to the improved air-
fuel mixing as a result of the post injection mechanism.
To validate the model various performance parameters
and exhaust tailpipe values are compared with
experimental data obtained from measurements
performed on a heavy duty turbocharged DI Diesel
engine, equipped with a common rail fuel injection
system with and without post injection. As observed the
model manages in general to capture the effect of both
post injection parameters examined on engine
performance and emissions despite differences
observed in absolute values for some cases.
Furthermore, information is provided for soot formation
and oxidation rates and the actual effect of post injection
upon them.
INTRODUCTION
The DI diesel engine is widely used in the transportation
sector due to its high efficiency. Despite the
accomplishments achieved towards diesel engine
emission reduction there is still a great deal to be done
until we reach values that will satisfy future emission
limits [1]. The required reduction of both gaseous and
particulate emissions to meet future emission limits is
still considerable. The main effort focuses on the
reduction of both NOx and particulate emissions.
Towards this direction two are the most promising
solutions: reduction of both pollutants inside the
combustion chamber (internal measures) and reduction
at the diesel engine exhaust using external measures
(aftertreatment).
The control of both NOx and particulate emissions using
internal measures is difficult because the two pollutants
are affected differently from the parameters that control
combustion inside the combustion chamber. However
the reduction of pollutant emissions inside the
combustion chamber is of significant importance even if
external measures are used to reduce tailpipe exhaust
emissions, because the required conversion efficiency is
lower and minimizes the resulting fuel penalty.
The mechanism which mostly affects pollutants
formation is in-cylinder air fuel mixing which is affected
mainly by fuel spray injection and the in-cylinder flow
field. For this reason, during the last years serious
efforts have been conducted to improve these
mechanisms using elevated injection pressures,
injection rate shaping and improved combustion
chamber geometry [2-6]. As a result, a significant
reduction of both NOx and particulate emissions has