TH-C/P4-30 Characteristics of Turbulence Driven Multiple-Channel Transport in Tokamaks, and Comparison with Experiments W. X. Wang, T. S. Hahm, S. Ethier, G. Rewoldt, S. M. Kaye, W. M. Tang, W. W. Lee Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, P. O. Box 451, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, USA P. H. Diamond University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA wwang@pppl.gov Abstract. Recent progress made with our global gyrokinetic simulations in understanding the origin of intrinsic rotation and non-diffusive transport characteristics in tokamaks is reported. Key results include the finding of an important nonlinear flow generation process due to the residual stress produced by the fluctuation intensity and the intensity gradient, acting with the zonal flow shear induced k  symmetry breaking, which offers a universal mechanism to drive intrinsic rotation via wave-particle momentum exchange. This turbulence nonlinearly-driven intrinsic rotation scales close to linearly with plasma gradients and the inverse of the plasma current in various turbulence regimes, reproducing and extending empirical scalings obtained in multiple fusion devices. The underlying physics governing these characteristic dependences is elucidated. Particularly, the current scaling is found to result from the magnetic shear effect on k  symmetry breaking. Highlighted results also include robust radial pinches in toroidal flow, heat and particles driven by CTEM turbulence, which emerge “in phase”, and are shown to play remarkable roles in determining plasma transport. Particularly, the “flow pinch” phenomenon amazingly reproduces the experimental result of radially inward penetration of perturbed flows created by modulated beams in peripheral regions, and thus is highly illuminating. Finally, the ∇T e -driven CTEM turbulence in specific parameter regimes is found to generate remarkably large fluctuation structures via inverse energy cascades, which may have a natural connection to the generation of blobs in the edge. I. Introduction Momentum transport and plasma flow generation are complex transport phenomena of great importance in magnetic confinement fusion. An optimized plasma flow is believed to play a critical role in both controlling macroscopic plasma stability, and in reducing energy loss due to plasma microturbulence. On the other hand, toroidal momentum transport is observed to be highly anomalous, non-diffusive and non-local in nearly all machines. A striking phenomenon found in experiments is the intrinsic or spontaneous rotation; namely, toroidal plasmas can self- organize and develop rotation without an external torque [1]. In fact, the intrinsic rotation in fusion plasmas is an example of a “negative viscosity phenomenon” in which an up-gradient component of the momentum flux organizes a structured mean flow. Negative viscosity phe- nomena are of broad interest in the context of atmospheres, oceans, stellar interiors, and other rotating fluids. In current fusion experiments, a large plasma rotation can be driven by neutral beam injection which also provides momentum input while heating the plasma. In large size burning plasmas, however, the use of neutral beams for plasma heating becomes very challeng- ing. It is expected that intrinsic rotation will dominate in future burning plasma experiments. Therefore, understanding the non-diffusive momentum transport mechanisms and the intrinsic rotation phenomenon is a key to predicting plasma flow in ITER. Recently, extensive experimental studies have been carried out on this topic. The parametric dependence of the intrinsic rotation has been statistically characterized using a broad range of experimental data bases obtained in multiple machines. Specifically, the increment of central 1