大韓獸醫學會誌 (2014) 第 54 卷 第 1 號 Korean J Vet Res(2014) 54(1) : 27~30 http://dx.doi.org/10.14405/kjvr.2014.54.1.27 27 <Original Article> Preoperative administration effect of metronidazole, ceftriaxone sodium and their combination on stenotic index of jejunal anastomotic segment of dogs Rehan Rafique 1,2, *, Muhammad Nadeem Asi 2 , Muhammad Saqib 2 , Muhammad Hammad Hussain 2 , Awais-ur-Rehman Sial 2 , Aqsa Mushtaq 1 Veterinary Research Institute, Lahore Cantonment 54810, Pakistan Department of Clinical Medicine & Surgery, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan (Received: May 17, 2013; Revised: October 23, 2013; Accepted: February 5, 2014) Abstract : The jejunum is the longest part of the small intestine and its lumen is mainly involved in the absorption of the nutrients. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of metronidazole, ceftriaxoine sodium and their combination on the stenotic index of the end to end jujunal anastomotic site. To accomplish this, 20 healthy stray dogs were subjected to end to end jejunal ansastmosis. Dogs in Group A (control) underwent jejunal anstomosis with no antibiotic prophylaxis, while those in Group B received surgery and metronidazole alone at 50 mg/kg, those in Group C received ceftriaxone sodium intravenously at 30 mg/kg body weight prior to surgery and dogs in Group D were given metronidazole in combination with ceftriaxone sodium at 50 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg, respectively, 2 h before surgical intervention. No significant difference (p > 0.05) in the stenotic index was observed at 14 days after jejunal anastomosis. These findings indicate that prophylactic administration of metronidazole and ceftriaxone sodium alone or in combination had no significant effect on the stenotic index of the jejunum. Keywords : anastmosis, ceftriaxone sodium, jejunum, metronidazole, stenotic index Introduction Intestinal anastomosis is an important surgical procedure that connects two ends of the intestine after diseased portion has been removed. Irresolvable intestinal obstruction or de- vitalization is benefitted from intestinal resection, which reconnects the intestine end-to-end [5, 26]. Numerous surgi- cal procedures have been described to relieve gastric out flow obstruction [7, 20]. Intestinal resection and anastomosis are most commonly performed in dogs and cats for the rea- son that of foreign bodies, intussusceptions, neoplasia, abscess, trauma, volvulus or torsion, herniation, neurologic disorders, chronic constipation (e.g. feline idiopathic mega-colon) and ulceration etc. [2, 6, 11, 19, 28]. From 1940 to 1965, the anti- biotics were in use after gastrointestinal surgical procedures and the use of antibiotics before surgery was controversial during that period. The advances in the prophylactic use of antibiotics recognized the difference between prophylactic and therapeutic use of antibiotics in surgery [15]. Recently Chemoprophylaxis is mostly done to reduce intra-luminal concentrations of bacteria. Bacterial contamina- tion from the contents of intestinal lumen suggests that col- orectal surgery is connected with a predominantly high risk of surgical wound infections. If antibiotic prophylaxis is not used, almost 40% of human patients develop wound infec- tions after surgical anastomosis. This numeral can be reduced to about 11% when patients take delivery of some form of antimicrobial prophylaxis [23]. As the prophylactic use of different antibiotics has become the current standard of care for gastrointestinal surgical pro- cedures to minimize the chances of postoperative infection. Previous studies showed that such prophylactic use of antibi- otics in surgical interventions of intestine might influence the intestinal stenotic index which is described as, “measure- ment of narrowing/reduction in luminal diameter of intes- tine”. Keeping in view the described facts, the present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of different antibiotics on the stenotic index of the jejunal lumen of dog’s small intes- tine as it is the largest part of small intestine which is mainly involved in the absorption of nutrients. In this study we employed prophylaxis of metronidazole and ceftriaxone sodium alone and in combination before end to end jeunal anastmo- sis because according to published literature, metronidazole and parenteral cephalosporins are so broadly used and well thought-out as chemoprophylaxis agents for gastrointestinal ansatmosis in comparison to the other choices. *Corresponding author Tel: +92-333-6607756, Fax: +92-42-99220142 E-mail: dr.rehan702@gmail.com