Research Article
Higgs Field in Universe: Long-Term Oscillation and
Deceleration/Acceleration Phases
Vladimir Dzhunushaliev
1,2,3,4
1
Te Teoretical and Nuclear Physics Department, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
2
IETP, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
3
Institute for Basic Research, Eurasian National University, Astana 010008, Kazakhstan
4
Institute of Physics of National Academy of Science Kyrgyz Republic, 265 a, Chui Street, Bishkek 720071, Kyrgyzstan
Correspondence should be addressed to Vladimir Dzhunushaliev; v.dzhunushaliev@gmail.com
Received 1 May 2014; Accepted 8 July 2014; Published 20 July 2014
Academic Editor: Edward Malec
Copyright © 2014 Vladimir Dzhunushaliev. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution
License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly
cited.
It is shown that the Einstein gravity and Higgs scalar feld have (a) a long-term oscillation phase; (b) cosmological regular solutions
with deceleration/acceleration phases. Te frst has a preceding contracting and subsequent expanding phases and between them
there exists an oscillating phase with arbitrary time duration. Te behavior of the second solution near to a fex point is in detail
considered.
1. Introduction
Te standard cosmological model (for review, see [1]) gives
us an accurate description of the evolution of the Universe.
In spite of its success, the standard cosmological model
has a series of problems such as the initial singularity,
the cosmological horizon, the fatness problem, the baryon
asymmetry, and the nature of dark matter and dark energy.
Under the dynamical laws of general relativity, the stan-
dard FLRW cosmology becomes singular at the origin of
Universe. Te matter density and geometrical invariants
diverge as the volume of the Universe goes to zero. Te
Big Bang singularity seems to be an unavoidable aspect
of the currently established cosmological model [2] which
probably only a full quantum theory of gravity could resolve.
A bouncing Universe with an initial contraction to a non-
vanishing minimal radius; then subsequently an expanding
phase provides a possible solution to the singularity problem
of the standard Big Bang cosmology.
Bouncing cosmologies, in which the present era of expan-
sion is preceded by a contracting phase, have been studied
as potential alternatives to infation in solving the problems
of standard FRW cosmology. Te frst explicit semianalytic
solution for a closed bouncing FRW model flled by a massive
scalar feld was found by Starobinskii [3]. Later explicit
solutions for a bouncing geometry were obtained by Novello
and Salim [4] and Melnikov and Orlov [5]. For the review of
the cosmological bounce one can see review [6].
Supernova observations [7, 8] were the frst to suggest that
our Universe is currently accelerating. For this acceleration
now it is believed that as much as 2/3 of the total density of
the Universe is in a form which has large negative pressure
and which is usually referred to as dark energy. A number of
various models have been proposed aiming at the description
of dark energy universe (for review, see [9–11]). It is evident
that to have deceleration (where ̈ <0) and acceleration
(where ̈ >0) phases it is necessary to have the moment with
̈ =0.
Here we would like to show that (a) a Universe bounce
can be not only a short time event but also it can be a
long-term oscillating process; (b) the gravitating Higgs scalar
feld may have cosmological solutions with such property.
Such solution exists only with a single value of cosmological
constant.
2. Long-Term Bouncing
2.1. Te Statement of the Problem. In this section we will
investigate a cosmological solution for a closed Universe flled
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Journal of Gravity
Volume 2014, Article ID 326749, 6 pages
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/326749