512 The Transformation of Hunger Revisited: Estimating Available Calories from the Budgets of Late Nineteenth-Century British Households IAN GAZELEY, ANDREW NEWELL, AND MINTEWAB BEZABIH Levels of nutrition among British worker’s households in the late nineteenth century have been much debated. Trevon Logan (2006, 2009) estimated a very ORZ DYHUDJH OHYHO RI DYDLODEOH FDORULHV 7KLV SDSHU UHH[DPLQHV WKH GDWD DQG ｿQGV average levels of available calories much more in line with existing studies, more in line with what is known about energy requirements, and more in line with other aspects of the data. In sum, British households were likely to have been VLJQLｿFDQWO\ EHWWHU IHG WKDQ /RJDQ UHSRUWV I n this article we re-examine one facet of the relationship between income and nourishment. Based on his analysis of the household expen- diture data set collected in 1888/89 by the United States Commissioner for Labor (USCL), 1 Trevon Logan (2006, 2009) inferred that the house- holds of American and British industrial workers in that period were undernourished and hungry. Further, Logan offered evidence that these households were much worse off in terms of available calories than, for example, rural households in the Indian province of Maharashtra during 1983. Given that his evidence is inconsistent with the relativities in widely accepted national real income estimates, Logan explicitly enter- tained the possibility that such estimates are in need of revision (2009, p. 405–6). These are puzzling conclusions. To put them into context, Angus Maddison’s (2003) estimate for British per capita gross domestic product The Journal of Economic History, Vol. 75, No. 2 (June 2015). © The Economic History Association. All rights reserved. doi: 10.1017/S0022050715000698 Ian Gazeley is Professor of Economic History, Department of History, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QN. E-mail: i.s.gazeley@sussex.ac.uk. Andrew Newell is Professor of Economics, Department of Economics, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9SL. (PDLO DWQHZHOO#VXVVH[DFXN 0LQWHZDE %H]DELK LV 5HVHDUFK 2IｿFHU *UDQWKDP 5HVHDUFK Institute on Climate Change and the Environment, London School of Economics and Political Science, Tower 3, Clements Inn Passage, London WC2A 2AZ. E-mail: m.bezabih@lse.ac.uk. The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from the U.K. Economic and Social Research Council (Research Grant RES-062-23-2054). The authors wish to thank the editors and two anonymous referees for their many comments and suggestions. Errors remain our responsibilities. 1 Haines (1979).