ISSN 08695938, Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation, 2014, Vol. 22, No. 1, pp. 1–27. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2014.
Original Russian Text © V.V. Silantiev, 2014, published in Stratigrafiya. Geologicheskaya Korrelyatsiya, 2014, Vol. 22, No. 1, pp. 3–30.
1
INTRODUCTION
Through the European part of Russia (East Euro
pean and Timan–Pechora Platforms, Uralian fore
deep), nonmarine bivalves are widespread in
sequences of the Ufimian, Kazanian, Severodvinian,
and Vyatkian stages of the Permian System (Fig. 1).
Bivalve shells, casts, and impressions frequently occur
together with ostracod, fish, and terrestrial vertebrate
remains, i.e., with faunal groups which were recently
used for development and/or specification of zonal
scales (Golubev, 2000; Molostovskaya, 2005; Kukhti
nov et al., 2008; Minikh, A.V. and Minikh, M.G.,
2009; Newell et al., 2010).
Despite the wide distribution and sufficient knowl
edge of these fossils, only several regional (Amalitzky,
1892a; Kanev, 1985, 1994; Gusev, 1990, 1996c) and
local (Silantiev, 1996a) zonal scales were proposed on
the basis of bivalves during the last 120 years. In most of
these works, their authors indicated only species assem
blages (paleocoenoses, assemblages, faunas) character
istic of particular stratigraphic units (Nechaev, 1894;
Gusev, 1963, 1977a; Kuleva, 1980; Silantiev, 1995,
2001; Silantiev and Kurkova, 2009; etc.).
The development of zonal scales based on nonma
rine bivalves encounters difficulties determined by the
requirements for such scales: primarily their continu
ity, unambiguous position of boundaries between
zones, and succession of assemblages from contiguous
zones through the section (Stratigraficheskii…, 2006,
Article VII.3). These difficulties are explained by the
complex structure of terrestrial formations, some evo
lutionary conservatism of nonmarine bivalves, their
multifunctional variability, and facies control in sec
tions, as well as by different approaches to their taxon
omy (Betekhtina, 1974; Gusev, 1990). To solve these
problems, a uniform technique was proposed in
(Silantiev, 2010) for the study of Late Paleozoic non
marine bivalves, which takes into consideration all the
external, internal, and microstructural features of
their shells.
The longterm revision of available collections of
nonmarine bivalves from many localities in Russia
provides grounds for development of a zonal scale
based on this faunal group. In this regard, success may
be achieved only on the basis of species from the genus
Palaeomutela Amalitzky, 1891, whose diversity and
stratigraphic distribution most completely satisfy the
requirements of the Stratigraphic Code of Russia
(Stratigraficheskii…, 2006). In this connection, the
main tasks of this work were as follows: (1) taxonomic
revision of the genus Palaeomutela; (2) revelation of
main evolutionary lineages in its development;
(3) analysis of sections for establishing successions of
first appearances of species and their stratigraphic
ranges; (4) selection of index species; (5) complex
paleontological substantiation of zones; (6) standard
description of zonal units.
Permian Nonmarine Bivalve Zonation
of the East European Platform
V. V. Silantiev
Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, ul. Kremlevskya 16, Kazan, 420008 Russia
email: vladimir.silantiev@ksu.ru
Received October 12, 2012
Abstract—New finds and revision of available collections of nonmarine bivalves provided grounds for devel
opment of a zonal scale for terrestrial sequences of the Permian System based on species belonging to the
genus Palaeomutela Amalitzky, 1891, which are characterized by regular changes in the structure of the shell
hinge. The scale includes two parallel zonal successions that are based on the stratigraphic distribution and
evolutionary trends of two morphological lineages of the genus. The zonal succession based on development
of the P. umbonata group (dwellers of mobile waters and silty–psammitic substrates) includes 11 range zones:
stegocephalum, ovatiformis, umbonata, quadriangularis, krotowi, wohrmani, numerosa, ulemensis, keyser
lingi, curiosa, golubevi. The zonal succession based on development of the P. castor group (dwellers of calm
waters and silty–pelitic substrates) includes eight range zones: larae, castor, olgae, doratioformis, marposad
ica, fischeri, obunca, amalitzkyi. The proposed zonal units are correlated with scales based on ostracod, fish,
and tetrapod fossils. New species Palaeomutela golubevi sp. nov. and P. amalitzkyi sp. nov. are described with
the extended diagnosis of the genus Palaeomutela.
Keywords: nonmarine bivalves, zonal scale, Permian, East European Platform
DOI: 10.1134/S0869593814010067