* Corresponding author.
E-mail address: nsboukhris@yahoo.com (S. Boukhris)
© 2015 Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
doi: 10.5267/j.ccl.2016.4.001
Current Chemistry Letters 5 (2016) 99–108
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Current Chemistry Letters
homepage: www.GrowingScience.com
Snail shell as a new natural and reusable catalyst for synthesis of 4H-Pyrans
derivatives
Zakaria Benzekri
a
, Houdda Serrar
a
, Said Boukhris
*a
, Brahim Sallek
b
and Abdelaziz Souizi
a
a
Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Organometallic and Theoretical. Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofaïl University, BO 133, 14000 Kenitra, Morocco
b
Laboratoire d’Agroressources et Génie des Procédés. Faculté des Sciences, Université Ibn Tofaïl, 14000 Kenitra, Morocco
C H R O N I C L E A B S T R A C T
Article history:
Received October 21, 2015
Received in revised form
December 20, 2015
Accepted 7 April 2016
Available online
7 April 2016
A simple, efficient and general method for the synthesis of 4H-pyrans is established through a
multi component cyclocondensation of aromatic aldehydes, malononitrile and ethyl
acetoacetate or acetyl acetone using snail shell as a natural catalyst. In this method the snail
shell was used as green and reusable natural catalyst. Excellent yields, short reaction times and
availability of the catalyst are the advantages of this method.
© 2016 Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords:
Heterogeneous catalysis
4H-pyrans
Snail shell
Natural catalysts
Green catalysts
1. Introduction
Compared with classical methods, the heterogeneous catalysis solid-liquid has been shown to have
desirable effects on reactions performance such as: good yields, short reaction times, easier work-up
procedure, formation of pure products in milder conditions and waste minimization. In addition,
introduction of clean procedures utilizing eco-friendly green catalysts has attracted great attention of
workers.
1
Thus, development of a mild, inexpensive, and reusable catalyst for synthesis of organic
compounds, still remains an attractive goal for researchers. 4H-Pyran derivatives occupy an important
place in the realm of synthetic organic chemistry because of their biological and pharmacological
properties as anticancer,
2
cytotoxic,
3
anti-HIV,
4-6
anti-inflammatory,
7
anti-malarial,
8-9
antimicrobial,
10
antihyperglycemic and antidyslipidemic.
11
In addition, these compounds are a common structural unit
in a number of natural products.
12-14