Research Article
Design and Embedded Implementation of a Power Management
Controller for Wind-PV-Diesel Microgrid System
M. Boussetta ,
1
S. Motahhir ,
2
R. El Bachtiri,
1
A. Allouhi,
1
M. Khanfara,
3
and Y. Chaibi
4
1
Innovative Technologies Laboratory, EST-Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
2
ENSA, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
3
CED STI, FST, PERE Laboratory EST, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
4
SmariLab Laboratory, Moroccan School of Engineering Science (EMSI), Rabat, Morocco
Correspondence should be addressed to M. Boussetta; mohammed.boussetta@usmba.ac.ma
Received 1 March 2019; Accepted 3 June 2019; Published 1 December 2019
Academic Editor: Pierluigi Guerriero
Copyright © 2019 M. Boussetta et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License,
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
This paper presents an implementation of real-time energy management systems (EMS) to maximize the efficiency of the electricity
distribution in an isolated hybrid microgrid system (HMGS) containing photovoltaic modules, wind turbine, battery energy storage
system, and diesel generator (DG) which is used as a backup source. These systems are making progress worldwide thanks to their
respect for the environment. However, hybridization of several sources requires power flow control (PFC). For this reason, in this
work, a proper energy management system is developed using LabVIEW software and embedded in a suitable platform for the real-
time management of the hybrid energy system. The developed EMS is tested and validated through a small-scale application which
accurately represents the case study of an isolated mosque located in a remote area of Morocco. The aim of this paper is to (i)
propose a novel modelling method and real-time monitoring interface under the LabVIEW software based on the real data
obtained by an optimal sizing previously made using Homer-pro software and (ii) implement the power control system on a
low-consumption embedded platform that is the Raspberry-pi3.
1. Introduction
Access to energy is now considered as a central issue in the
fight against poverty and economic development. The pro-
portion of the world’s population with access to electricity
has gradually increased in recent years. However, despite
these improvements, 1.1 billion people are still deprived of
this essential service, with the majority of these people
located in Africa. Among those who have gained access to
electricity in the world since 2010, only 20% live in rural
areas [1]. In Morocco, almost 1.3 million rural people are
deprived of electricity; i.e., 88902 households do not have
access to electricity [2]. Most of these rural homes are
located in isolated or hard-to-access locations and do not
allow connection to an electrical grid since the investment
cost is very large and online losses become significant. It
is then necessary to be able to install the infrastructures
for electrification in sparsely populated areas and away
from the main grid.
In recent years, rural electrification has been achieved
with DG or with stand-alone renewable energy sources,
including photovoltaics and wind power, which have been
considered promising to meet the growing demand for
energy and play a very important role in the clean energy
production. However, renewable energy depends to a large
extent on wind speed or solar radiation. In order to provide
a continuous supply by taking advantage of the complemen-
tary nature of the two sources of energy, one solution is to
hybridize the types of sources in the form of the microgrid.
HMS were considered attractive and preferred alterna-
tives; indeed, the development of microgrid in rural areas
makes it possible to electrify villages located far from the dis-
tribution grid with renewable energy sources (RES) in a more
sustainable way. Another major factor in the development of
microgrid systems is the sharp drop in the cost of renewable
energies, which makes these energies competitive with
traditional fossil fuels. Similarly, energy storage solutions
are currently undergoing significant development due to
Hindawi
International Journal of Photoenergy
Volume 2019, Article ID 8974370, 16 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/8974370