ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﯽ ـ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﯽ زﯾﺴﺖ ﻓﻨﺎوري ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن زراﻋﯽCrop Biotech. ﺳﺎل ﺳﻮم ، ﺷﻤﺎره ﭼﻬﺎرم، ﺑﻬﺎر و ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن1392 ) 117 - 109 ( Spring & Summer (2013) 4:109-117 ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻨﺪه ﻣﺴﺌﻮل: ﺳﻤﯿﺮا ﺷﻬﺒﺎزيE-mail: sshahbazi@nrcam.org ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ات ﭘﺮﺗﻮ ﮔﺎﻣﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ و آﻧﺘﺎﮔﻮﻧﯿﺴﺘﯽ ﻗﺎرچTrichoderma harzianum رﺿﺎ ﻣﺮادي 1 ، ﺳﻤﯿﺮا ﺷﻬﺒﺎزي 2 * ، ﺣﺴﯿﻦ اﻫﺮي ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻮي 3 ، ﻣﺤﻤﺪﻋﻠﯽ اﺑﺮاﻫﯿﻤﯽ 4 ، ﺣﺎﻣﺪ ﻋﺴﮑﺮي 5 و ﺳﯿﺪ ﻣﻬﯿﺎر ﻣﯿﺮﻣﺠﻠﺴﯽ 6 1 ، دا ﻧﺶ آﻣﻮﺧﺘﻪ ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ارﺷﺪ، ﮔﺮوه ﺑﯿﻮﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژي ﮐﺸﺎورزي، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﭘﯿﺎم ﻧﻮر، ﺗﻬﺮان،2 ، اﺳﺘﺎدﯾﺎر ﮔﺮوه ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﻫﺴﺘﻪ اي، ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﮑﺪه ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﮐﺸﺎورزي، ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ و ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن اﻧﺮژي اﺗﻤﯽ، ﮐﺮج، 3 ، ﻣﺮﺑﯽ ﮔﺮوه ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﻫﺴﺘﻪ اي، ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﮑﺪه ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﮐﺸﺎورزي، ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ و ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن اﻧﺮژي اﺗﻤﯽ، ﮐﺮج،4 ، اﺳﺘﺎدﯾﺎر ﮔﺮوه ﺑﯿﻮﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژي ﮐﺸﺎورزي، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﭘﯿﺎم ﻧﻮر ، ﺗﻬﺮان، اﯾﺮان،5 ، ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎس ارﺷﺪ ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ، ﻫﻤﮑﺎر ﮔﺮوه ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﻫﺴﺘﻪ اي، ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﮑﺪه ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﮐﺸﺎورزي، ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ و ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﮐﺮج و6 ، ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ارﺷﺪ ﺑﯿﻤﺎري ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ، ﻫﻤﮑﺎر ﮔﺮوه ﮐﺸﺎ ورزي ﻫﺴﺘﻪ اي، ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﮑﺪه ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﮐﺸﺎورزي، ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ و ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﮐﺮج ) ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ درﯾﺎﻓﺖ: 8 / 12 / 1391 ـ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺐ: 4 / 3 / 92 ( Investigation of Gamma Radiation Effects on Morphological and Antagonistic Characteristics of Trichoderma harzianum R. MORADI 1 , S. SHAHBAZI 2 *, H. AHARI MOSTAFAVI 3 , M. A. EBRAHIMI 4 , H. ASKARI 5 AND M. MIRMAJLESI 6 1, M. Sc. of Agricultural Biotechnology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran; 2, Assistant Professor, Agricultural, Medical and Industrial Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Karaj, Iran; 3, M. Sc. of Plant Pathology- Agricultural, Medical and Industrial Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Karaj, Iran, 4; Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran; 5, M. Sc. of Food Science and Technology- Agricultural, Medical and Industrial Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Karaj, Iran. 6; M. Sc. of Plant Pathology- Agricultural, Medical and Industrial Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Karaj, Iran. (Received: February 27, 2013 - Accepted: May 25, 2013) ﭼﮑﯿﺪهAbstract در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ اﺛﺮ ﺑﺎزدارﻧﺪﮔﯽ دزﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﺷﻌﻪ ﮔﺎﻣﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ زﻧﯽ اﺳﭙﻮر ﻗﺎرچTrichoderma harzianum و ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ آن در ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ و آﻧﺘﺎﮔﻮﻧﯿﺴﺘﯽ ﻣﻮﺗﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺣﺎﺻﻞ در ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﻗﺎرچ ﺑﯿﻤﺎرﮔﺮ Rhizoctonia solani ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮاي اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺳﻮﺳﭙﺎﻧﺴﯿﻮن اﺳﭙﻮر ﺗﺮﯾﮑﻮدرﻣﺎ در ﻣﻌﺮض دزﻫﺎي0 ، 50 ، 150 ، 200 ، 250 ، 300 ، 350 ، 400 و450 ﮔﺮي اﺷﻌﻪ ﮔﺎﻣﺎ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ اﺷﻌﻪ ﮔﺎﻣﺎ ﺑﺮ رﺷﺪ رﯾﺴﻪ، ﻗﺎرچ ﺗﺮﯾﮑﻮدرﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ دزﻫﺎي0 ، 400 ، 800 ، 1200 ، 1600 ، 2000 و2500 ﮔﺮي ﭘﺮﺗﻮﺗﺎﺑﯽ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﭘﺮﺗﻮﺗﺎﺑﯽ در ﻣﺤﺪوده دز450 ﮔﺮي ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ زﻧﯽ اﺳﭙﻮر ﻗﺎرچ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد و دز250 ﮔﺮي ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان داﻣﻨﻪ دز اﭘﺘﯿﻤﻢ ﺑﺮاي اﻟﻘﺎي ﺟﻬﺶ در ﺗ ﺮﯾﮑﻮدرﻣﺎ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﭘﺮﺗﻮ ﮔﺎﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﻨﻮع در ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ ﻗﺎرچ ﺗﺮﯾﮑﻮدرﻣﺎ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺷﮑﻞ، رﻧﮓ، اﺳﭙﻮردﻫﯽ و ﺳﺮﻋﺖ رﺷﺪ رﯾﺴﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ آزﻣﻮن آﻧﺘﺎﮔﻮﻧﯿﺴﺘﯽ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﯽ ﺟﺪاﯾﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺟﻬﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺪاﯾﻪ ﻣﺎدري ) ﺷﺎﻫﺪ( در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻗﺎرچ ﭘﺎﺗﻮ ژنR.solani ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ، ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش اﻟﻘﺎي ﻣﻮﺗﺎﺳﯿﻮن ﺑﺎ ﭘﺮﺗﻮ ﺗﺎﺑﯽ ﮔﺎﻣﺎ ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ در ﻗﺎرچ ﺗﺮﯾﮑﻮدرﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﯽً ﺻﻮرت ﮐﺎﻣﻼ داري اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﭘﯿﺪا ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ. واژه ﮐﻠﯿﺪي ﻫﺎي: ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ، ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺟﻬﺶ، ﮔﺎﻣﺎ، ﭘﺮﺗﻮ Trichoderma harzianum ، Rhizoctonia solani In this study, effects of gamma irradiation doses on spore germination of Trichoderma harzianum and its effects on morphological and antagonistic capability of the mutants to control Rhizoctonia solani have been evaluated. Spore suspension of Trichoderma has been gamma radiated by 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400 and 450 Gry Gamma ray effects on mycelial growth have been evaluated by irradiation with 0, 400, 800, 1200, 2000 and 2500 Gry. The results showed that 450 Gry gamma radiations completely blocked the spore germination and 250 Gry is the optimum dose to induce mutation in Trichoderma. Furthermore, gamma irradiation could change the morphological characteristics like: colonies shape and color, sporolation and mycelia growth rate. Dual culture test showed that, mutated isolates have statistically more antagonistic capability against R.solani than its parent strain. According to these results, bio-control capability of Trichoderma could be improved through gamma radiation. Keywords: Gamma radiation, Mutation, Biological control, Trichoderma harzianum, Rhizoctonia solani