Research Article Modulation of Blood Coagulation and Hematological Parameters by Crassocephalum crepidioides Leaf Methanol Extract and Fractions in STZ-Induced Diabetes in the Rat Opeyemi O. Ayodele , 1,2 Funmilayo D. Onajobi, 1 and Omolaja R. Osoniyi 1,3 1 Babcock University, Ilishan, Nigeria 2 Department of Biological Science, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, Mountain Top University, Makogi Oba, Nigeria 3 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ife, Nigeria Correspondence should be addressed to Opeyemi O. Ayodele; opeige@yahoo.com Received 23 November 2019; Revised 17 March 2020; Accepted 17 April 2020; Published 15 May 2020 Academic Editor: Yi-Chia Huang Copyright © 2020 Opeyemi O. Ayodele et al. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Diabetes affects the homeostasis of the circulatory system. Crassocephalum crepidioides Benth S. Moore (Asteraceae) is an edible plant locally used in the treatment of wounds, stomach ulcer, and skin-related conditions in Africa and some other parts of the world. is study investigated the effects of C. crepidioides leaf methanol extract and fractions on blood coagulation profile of diabetic Wistar rats. e effect of 100 mg/kg body weight of the methanol extract and partitioned fractions of C. crepidioides on blood coagulation profile of STZ-induced diabetic rats were initially evaluated, while graded concentrations (50–200 mg/kg body weight) of the aqueous and hexane fractions were further tested in diabetic rats against standard drugs aspirin (anticoagulant) and metformin (antidiabetic). Rats were allocated into groups (n � 6) and administration was done orally, once daily for 2 weeks. e methanol extract and fractions of C. crepidioides at concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg significantly prolonged the bleeding (58–200%), clotting (65–133%), prothrombin (176–441%), and activated partial thromboplastin (209–518%) times in diabetic rats compared to the control rats (LD 50 ≥ 5000 mg/kg). Highest prolongation effects were recorded in the diabetic group treated with 100 mg/kg body weight of the hexane fraction. Plasma calcium concentration and platelet counts of C. crepidioides treated diabetic rats were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced compared to diabetic control rats, while the red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin concentration, and packed cell volume (PCV) were significantly increased. is study showed that C. crepidioides possess anticoagulant and antianemic activities. e leaves can thus be a potential source of novel anticoagulant and nutraceutical for management of the thrombotic disorder in diabetes and other diseased states. 1. Introduction Blood coagulation involves a cascade of reactions that minimize or staunch blood flow to maintain balance within the vascular system. ese reactions include spontaneous vasoconstriction, aggregation of platelets, blood clotting, and fibrinolysis (clot dissolution) [1]. e process is rapid and efficient and requires regulation. is is because a shift in the balance between blood coagulation and inhibition of coagulation to favor either pro- or anticoagulation may result in life-threatening thromboembolism or hemorrhage (spontaneous bleeding) [2]. Control of this process under many clinical situations requires drug interventions that aim at preventing tissue damage caused by reduced blood flow that occurs when the coagulation process blocks the blood supply to a tissue area or an organ [1]. Diabetes mellitus and its complications is a potentially morbid condition characterized by hyperglycemia, and about 80% of people with diabetes mellitus die from thrombosis arising from enhanced activation of platelets and clotting factors [3, 4]. In the diabetic state, there is an im- pairment of the thrombohemorrhagic balance that exists in Hindawi e Scientific World Journal Volume 2020, Article ID 1036364, 11 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/1036364