ACADEMIA Letters
Variability and Distribution of Practice
Colin Pennington
Pietro Amado
Brandon Harris
Brandon Howe
Nick Jarvis
Introduction
Perfect practice makes perfect. However, practices rarely resemble perfection and the ‘right’
amount of practice time and type have been hotly debated. Furthermore, most athletes have
experienced the unpleasant, unproductive, and unreasonably long, and repetitive practice. Ex-
periences such as these oftentimes leave athletes questioning their participation or worse, sus-
taining an injury. Therefore, it is imperative that athlete development specialists thoughtfully
design and organize practices in an efort to propel athletes toward peak performance. Thank-
fully, recent scholarship has examined concepts related to the organization and planning of
practices, specifcally geared toward team sports and motor skill development.
Variable Practice Versus Constant Practice
Previous studies have demonstrated that variable practice, or varied practice, (involving sev-
eral versions of a skill) has advantages over constant practice (involving only one version of a
skill) in learning a motor skill (Yao, DeSola, & Bi, 2009). Schmidt’s Schema Theory (1975)
suggests that when using variable practice, more learning can be accomplished in a less time.
Additionally, varying experiences within practice promotes a greater likelihood of in-game
Academia Letters, April 2021
Corresponding Author: Colin Pennington, cpennington@tarleton.edu
Citation: Pennington, C., Amado, P., Harris, B., Howe, B., Jarvis, N. (2021). Variability and Distribution of
Practice. Academia Letters, Article 252. https://doi.org/10.20935/AL252.
1
©2021 by the authors — Open Access — Distributed under CC BY 4.0