International Conference on Electrical, Electronics, and Optimization Techniques (ICEEOT) - 2016 978-1-4673-9939-5/16/$31.00 ©2016 IEEE The Concept of Distributed Generation & the effects of its Placement in Distribution Network Devang K. Mer Department of Electrical Engineering G. H. Patel college of Engineering & Technology Vallabh Vidyanagar - 388120 , India E-mail : dev.vmer@gmail.com Ritesh R. Patel Department of Electrical Engineering G. H. Patel college of Engineering & Technology Vallabh Vidyanagar - 388120 , India E-mail : riteshpatel@gcet.ac.in Abstract—The electrical industry is growing tremendously. Various types of load which are to be supplied constantly for economic growth, but the demand cannot be fulfill with limited central generation hence the distributed generators can be very beneficial option for that. Distributed generation is also an interesting topic for researchers as it gives other benefits like loss reduction, voltage profile improvement, adoption of new technologies, improved reliability, security and some environmental effects. In this paper the effects of distributed generator at various locations of the system on power losses and voltage regulation is examined. The work is carried out in MATLAB environment on standard 15-bus distribution system. Keywords—Distributed generation; Power loss reduction; Voltage profile improvement; LPF- load power factor; UPF- unity power factor I. INTRODUCTION We know that the beginning of electricity supply industry was distributed, i.e. The electrical energy was produced near the loads. With the increasing demand, we adopted centralized electricity supply industry by installing huge generating station and very complex transmission line network to satisfy the need of electricity. Due to continuous change in the regulatory system and operational climate, the problem of excess demand is still there, but we cannot construct more generating station of transmission lines in a small range of time and hence the distributed generation with centralized supply industry can form a new type of electricity supply industry that can fulfill the demand of electricity in the future[1]. The term distributed generation is not properly defined term still now as different societies and countries treat it as per their own rules and regulation and they all have its different definitions. In different countries or region, it is known as different names as dispersed generation, embedded generation or decentralized generation. The term distributed generation is not relevant to many parameters such as rating, power delivery area, ownership, etc. Which are the reason why it couldn’t be standardly defined. One can commonly define the distributed generation as “Electrical power generation within the distribution network or on the customer side of the network”[2]. The distributed generator can be of any technology, renewable or nonrenewable and we can classify DG in three categories as Synchronized type, Asynchronized type and Inverter based distributed generator. Micro-turbines, stirling engines, CHP (combined heat and power) turbines, etc. are some new technologies of DG which works on non-renewable supply. Photovoltaic arrays, wind farms, fuel-cells, gas turbines etc. are technologies of DG which give the electrical energy using renewable energy resources[3]. II. PROBLEM FORMULATION In any study on either electrical transmission system or electrical distribution system, its load flow analysis is needed. With the help of load flow analysis, we can know the voltage magnitude and power angle at each bus or node, active and reactive power flow through each branch, total active and reactive power losses of the system which all become an essential data for security analysis, state estimation, economic dispatch, etc. The newton-raphson method, gauss-sheidal method and FDLF method are very popular in load flow analysis of the transmission system, but the characteristics of the transmission system and distribution system are different hence the use of above mentioned method can give the problem of convergence. The reasons why these methods can not be helpful is R/X ration which is larger for the distribution system, then transmission system and hence distribution system is always remains in ill condition[4]. In distribution load flow, there are numbers of methods and techniques which can be used, but the most efficient and popular method is backward forward sweeping method. In this method, the system is assumed flat voltage start and then active and reactive power flow is calculated from end node to source node i.e. in backward direction. Once power flow is known, voltage and angle are calculated using those values from source node to end node, i.e. in the forward direction, hence it is named as backward forward sweep method. This modified voltage and angle values are further used to find the new power flow and the process is continuous till the convergence is achieved. This method requires less computer memory and it involves only the evaluation of simple algebraic equations of