Health, 2016, 8, 93-97
Published Online January 2016 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/health
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/health.2016.81011
How to cite this paper: Marimuthu, P., Rao, G.N., Sharma, M.K. and Pandian, R.D. (2016) Perceptions on Public Health Fa-
cilities by Slum Dwellers in the Metropolitan Cities of India. Health, 8, 93-97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/health.2016.81011
Perceptions on Public Health Facilities by
Slum Dwellers in the Metropolitan Cities of
India
Palaniappan Marimuthu
1
, Grish N. Rao
2
, Manoj Kumar Sharma
3
,
Ramasamy Dhanasekara Pandian
4
1
Department of Biostatistics, National Institute of Mental Health Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India
2
Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Mental Health Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India
3
Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India
4
Department of Psychiatry Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India
Received 8 December 2015; accepted 22 January 2016; published 25 January 2016
Copyright © 2016 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Abstract
Rapid urbanisation and quest for better livelihood, push-pull factor of occupations education, pol-
icy changes attract large scale rural population to urban areas. It is well documented that in spite
of better public health facilities including tertiary care hospitals which are available in the urban
areas but the services are underutilised by the urban poor. Aim: Hence, in this paper, it is at-
tempted to comprehend the reasons for underutilisation of available public health facilities and to
compare the difference with non-slum areas of the major metropolitan cities of India. Methods: A
secondary data from National Family Health Survey-III for five major metropolitan cities namely,
Delhi, Hyderabad, Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai is used for the analysis. Slum data which are clas-
sified by both the agencies, that is census of India and NFHS-III as slum households only consi-
dered for analysis. Results: In Mumbai slums about 90% of the households are having water
sources from public tap or piped to yard followed by Hyderabad having better water supply and
Chennai slum dwellers having minimum access to good water sources. About 11.4% of the house-
holds do not know where their toilet drainage is connected. There is a significant (P < 0. 001) dif-
ference in the observed proportions of toilet facilities by the cities studied. Proportions of open
defecation is compared among five cities and it is found that Delhi and Hyderabad have similar
proportion (P > 0.05) 75% to 79%, Kolkata and Chennai have parallel high proportion, that is
more than 95% (P > 0.05) and Mumbai stands as median percent age as 89.6. Apart from Delhi,
about 40% to 45% of the slum population is in the opinion of “long waiting time” in the govern-
ment hospitals, and the same trend of proportions is observed for “poor quality of service”.