!"! "#$%% ’()*+,#,-./ 012,3($+ 4,12+$# ,5 "#$%% 6)7(+)( $+8 ’()*+,#,-. 9$2: ; =,#1>( ?@ A1>B(2 ? C):,B(2 DE@E 92,)F GGH H+:F I,+-2F "#$%%J 6:2$%B,12-J K2$+)(J @LM 41#. DEEM "#$%% ’()*+,#F/ 012F 4F "#$%% 6)7F ’()*+,#F ;! #$%&’() *+,+! #$ -./! *+*0*+1 Mechanical strength of glass ground by various fractions 6$)7 N(+B$*,1)*(J , K,1$8 O,1>7#7J , ’,1PQ ;#7,1$+( , R 4($+SI*27%:,3*( 6$+-#(B,(15 * , T$B,2$:,2. ,5 ;33#7(8 92()7%7,+ U()*$+7)%J C3:7)% $+8 92()7%7,+ U()*$+7)$# H+%:7:1:(J K(2*$: ;NN;6 V+7W(2%7:. 6(:75 X@YEEEZ ;#-(27$ * T$B,2$:,72( 8( U[)$+7\1( ;33#7\1[ 8( #]V+7W(2%7:[ 8( O(++(%@ XT;OU;VOZJ N^:F @ENJ I$>31% 8( N($1#7(1J _?E‘D O(++(% )(8(aJ K2$+)( 23456$)78% )($(79(: *; <&9(=’() *++> 23456$)78% 3$$(8%(: ,, ?($(=’() *++@ b127+- :*( -27+87+- ,5 -#$%%J $ 8$>$-(8 #$.(2 7% 5,2>(8 $: :*( %125$)(F ’*( 8$>$-(8 #$.(2 *$% $ #$.(2 ,5 2(#7(5J :*( 8(3:* ,5 c*7)* ),22(%3,+8% :, :*( >$a7>$# 2,1-*+(%% )27:(27$J A >$a J $+8 $ #$.(2 ,5 )2$)Q% :*( 8(3:* ,5 c*7)* 7% $332,a7>$:(#. :*2(( :7>(% #$2-(2 :*$+ :*( 8(3:* ,5 :*( 2(#7(5F ’*7% 8$>$-(8 #$.(2 *$% $ 8(#(:(27,1% (d(): ,+ -#$%% 32,3(2:7(% 7+ 3$2:7)1#$2 >()*$+7)$# %:2(+-:*F ’*( 7+e1(+)( ,5 :*( %125$)( %:$:( 8$>$-(8 B. -27+87+- c7:* 52$):7,+% ,5 :*2(( 87d(2(+: -2$7+ %7f( ,+ :*( B7$a7$# B(+87+- %:2(+-:* ,5 %,8$L#7>(L%7#7)$ e$: -#$%% 7% %:187(8F 1. Introduction BC( =($C347$3D 6%)(4E%C &F ED366 76 :(%()=74(: ’G =7$)&H$)3$I6 (J76%74E &4 %C( 65)F3$( &F ED366K BC56 %C( F)3$%5)( &F ED366 :(8(4:6 &4 %C( 8)&’3’7D7%G %C3% 3 $)3$I 76 $383’D( &F $35674E F)3$%5)( 54:() %C( 74L5(4$( &F 3 E79(4 6%)(66 3% 3 E79(4 8&74%K -,/ BC( =(H $C347$3D 6%)(4E%C &F ED366 3DM3G6 F&DD&M6 3 6%3%76%7$3D :76%)7’5%7&4 %C3% 76 4&)=3DDG $C3)3$%()76(: 5674E 3 4&)=3D &) 3 N(7’5DD :76%)7’5%7&4K O3$%&)6 74L5(4$74E %C( =($C347$3D 6%)(4E%C &F ED366 3)(P 65)F3$( 6%3%(! 63=8D( :7=(467&46! 74%()43D 6%)(66(6! %C( 8)(6(4$( &F 34G 74C&=&E(4(7%7(6! (497)&4=(4% 34: F3%7E5(K -*/ Q)74:74E 76 &4( &F %C( 8)&$(66(6 56(: 74 %C( =3$C74H 74E &F ED366K B& ’(R() 54:()6%34: %C( =($C3476= &F =3%()73D )(=&93D ’G E)74:74E! &4( :76%74E576C(6 %M& (S($%6! %C( T)6% 76 3 =($C347$3D (S($% MC()( E)3746 &F %C( E)74:74E 3E(4% 3$% &4 %C( ED366 65)F3$( 34: $356( :3=3E( M7%C $)(3%7&4 &F $)3$I6 34: 6& D&M()6 %C( $&C(67&4 &F %C( 65)F3$( D3G()6 &F ED366U -V/ %C( 6($&4: 76 3 $C(=7$3D (S($% MC()( M3%() 3R3$I6 %C( W7# * D74I6 %& F&)= 67D7$3 E(DU %C76 %C( D3G() (J834:6 34: 74$)(36(6 74 9&D5=( ’($&=74E 9()G 656$(8%7’D( %& :(%()7&)3%7&4K -1!./ X66(4%73D F3$%&)6 74FD5(4$74E E)74:74E 3)(P %C( C3):4(66 34: F&)= 34: E)374 67Y( &F %C( E)74:74E 3E(4%! %C( 43%5)( &F ED366 34: E)74:74E $&4:7%7&46 74$D5:74E 68((:! 8)(665)( &F E)74:74E 34: $&4$(4%)3H %7&4 &F %C( E)74:74E 3E(4%K BC( 37= &F %C( M&)I 8)(6(4%(: C()( 76 %& 6%5:G %C( 74L5(4$( &4 %C( 65)F3$( 6%3%( &F 6&:30D7=(067D7$3 L3% ED366 &F E)74:74E 5674E %C)(( :7S()(4% E)374 67Y( F)3$%7&46 -O@+! O1+ 34: O*@/K BC( 68($7T$ &’Z($%79(6 &F %C76 M&)I 3)(P B& 6%5:G &F %C( 65)F3$( )&5EC4(66 &F 6&:30D7=(067D7$3 L3% ED366 )(65D%74E F)&= E)74:74E M7%C %C( %C)(( :7FH F()(4% E)374 67Y( F)3$%7&46 56(:K B& :(%()=74( %C( E)74:74E %7=( F&) (3$C E)374 67Y( 6%5:7(: 3[() MC7$C %C( 65)F3$( &F %C( ED366 (JC7’7%6 3 $&46%34% )&5EC4(66K B& =(365)( %C( =($C347$3D 6%)(4E%C 74 ’73J73D ’(4:H 74E &F %C( ED366 E)&54: M7%C %C)(( :7S()(4% E)374 67Y( F)3$%7&46K B& 343DG6( %C( )(D3%7&46C78 ’(%M((4 65)F3$( )&5EC4(66 34: =($C347$3D 6%)(4E%C =(365)(: ’G ’73J73D ’(4:74EK 2. Materials and experimental procedures \4 %C76 6%5:G! %C( 6&:30D7=(067D7$3 ED366 8D3%( 56(: M36 6588D7(: ’G %C( ]DE()734 ED366 =345F3$%5)74E $&=834G X4%)(8)76( <3%7&43D( :5 ^())( (% ]’)367F6 -X<]^]/K BC( $C(=7$3D $&=8&67%7&4 E79(4 ’G %C( =345F3$%5)() 76 6C&M4 74 B3’D( ,K BC76 ED366 C36 3 _&54E‘6 =&:5D56 &F >* Qa3! 3 a&766&4‘6 )3%7& &F +b** 34: 3 C3):4(66 &F ;b.@ Qa3K W3=8D( E)74:74E M36 $3))7(: &5% &4 3 E)74:74E 34: 8&D76C74E =3$C74( M7%C 3 )&%3%7&4 68((: ,V* )8=K BC( =3$C74( C36 3 $36% 7)&4 E)74:74E 6C(DD M7%C 3 :73=(%() &F V++ ==K ]4 @0,.c E)74:74E 6568(467&4 M36 56(: M7%C 3D5=743 -$&)54:5=/ 36 %C( E)74:74E 3E(4%K BC( =(34 E)374 67Y(6 56(: M()( @+ d= -O@+/! 1+ d= -O1+/ 34: *@ d= -O*@/K BC( E)74:74E 8)&$(66 M36 6%5:7(: 74 %M& 6%(86P %C( T)6% 6%(8 749&D9(: :(%()=7474E %C( E)74:74E %7=(! MC()( %C( E)74:74E %7=( 76 %C( =747=5= %7=( 3[() MC7$C %C( 65)F3$( 4& D&4E() $C34E(6 M7%C F5)%C() E)74:74EK BC( 6($&4: 6%(8 749&D9(: E)74:74E &F .+ 63=8D(6 M7%C (3$C 67Y( F)3$%7&4 F&) %C( $&))(68&4:74E E)74:74E %7=(6 &’%374(: 74 6%(8 ,K BC( :(%()=743%7&4 &F %C( E)74:74E %7=( M36 $3)H )7(: &5% 36 F&DD&M6P %C( 3)7%C=(%7$ =(34 &F %C( 65)F3$( )&5EC4(66(6 -O 3 / =(365)(: 3[() 8)&E)(6679( , =74 74%()93D6 M()( $3D$5D3%(: 54%7D M( 4&%7$(: %C3% O 3 4& D&4E() $C34E(:K BC(4 M( :(:5$(: %C( E)74:74E %7=( ’G %3I74E 3 63F(%G =3)E74K BC( =(365)( &F )&5EC4(66 -%C( 3)7%C=(%7$ =(34 )&5EC4(66 O 3 34: %C( =3J7=5= , e&))(68&4:74E 35%C&)K X=37D ’(4’3C&5$C(f6gG3C&&KF) ’$B#( @F U$+15$):12(2]% ),>3,%7:7,+ 5,2 :*( %,8$L#7>(L %7#7)$ -#$%% %:187(8 *(2( Ca78(% 67C D A$ D C I$C U-C ;# D C _ g D C 6C _ N%-c/ >,b. ,Vb> >bh 1b* ,bV +bh +b*.