Asian Social Science; Vol. 13, No. 7; 2017 ISSN 1911-2017 E-ISSN 1911-2025 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education 1 Effects of Sustainable Home-Yard Food Garden (KRPL) Program: A Case of Banten in Indonesia Eka Rastiyanto Amrullah 1,2 , Ani Pullaila 1,2 , Akira Ishida 1 & Haruka Yamashita 1 1 Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan 2 Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Indonesia Correspondence: Akira Ishida, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Rokkodai-cho 1-1, Nada, Kobe, Japan. Tel: 81-78-803-5844. E-mail: akira_ishida@people.kobe-u.ac.jp Received: April 6, 2017 Accepted: May 19, 2017 Online Published: June 23, 2017 doi:10.5539/ass.v13n7p1 URL: https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v13n7p1 Abstract This study aims to evaluate the effects of an urban and peri-urban agriculture program called Sustainable Home-Yard Food Garden (KRPL, Kawasan Rumah Pangan Lestari) on participants’ household income and identify factors affecting the extent to which a participant is actively involved in the program. Many varieties of fresh vegetables, such as chilies, celery, mustard, kai lan (Chinese broccoli), eggplants, tomatoes, cauliflower, lettuce, packoy (Chinese cabbage), cabbage, long beans, and spinach, are harvested from plastic pots, suggesting the program contributes to dietary diversification. In addition, participating in the KRPL program results in cutting back on expenditure on fresh vegetables and/or increasing household income to a certain extent. The estimation results of the OLS regression model using the interview survey data indicate that a KRPL participant who has a larger number of pots and/or grows more varieties of vegetables tends to exhibit the following characteristics: (1) she likes gardening and/or spending time in nature, (2) she is not motivated by a passive reason for participating in the KRPL program, (3) she grows vegetables for the purpose of selling them, (4) the largest proportion of products is sold to someone or given to her friends/neighbors/relatives, and (5) she resides in the more developed northern part of Banten, which is directly connected to the capital city by the Jakarta-Merak toll road. Keywords: Urban and peri-urban agriculture, Indonesia 1. Introduction Food security is an issue of increasing global concern since it can affect national resilience and security both positively and negatively (Hermawan et al., 2014; Opitz et al., 2016). Not only at a national level, but also at an individual level, food security is a critical issue for Indonesia, particularly in light of its pledge to find solutions to “eradicate extreme poverty and hunger” as one of the eight Millennium Development Goals (Hermawan et al., 2014). However, obstacles to achieving this goal include land constraints, increasing demand for food along with rapid population growth, and unprecedented climate change (Bandara & Cai, 2014; Giovannucci et al., 2012; Meskhia, 2016; Misra, 2014). Among those obstacles, land constraints particularly are tight nowadays, since agricultural lands have been converted to fulfill non-agricultural purposes in response to rapid economic growth in urban and suburban areas (Iqbal & Sumaryanto, 2007). While land constraints are a constraint on food security, Hermawan et al. (2014) states that shortages in cultivated land lead people to pursue alternative methods of food production than production on agricultural lands. In order to solve the problem of insufficient land to grow necessary volumes of crops, urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) can become an approach to supply food to households and society (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [FAO], 2011). Under UPA, various kinds of crops and livestock are grown or reared in home gardens, residential areas, and other available unoccupied spaces. UPA has been shown to improve the nutrition status of households (Maxwell et al., 1998) and children (Mwangi, 1995). While UPA can help improve household-level food security, it also offers a route for households to generate supplementary income (Ashebir et al., 2007). A number of researchers support the argument that UPA will be the correct strategy to enable the urban poor in developing countries to obtain better access to food on their own as well as increase their income (Freeman, 1991; Maxwell & Zziwa, 1992; Maxwell, 1995; Yusuf et al., 2015) (Note 1).