The Chaco Frog Leptodactylus chaquensis Cei, 1950 is a mid-sized species (up to 90 mm snout-vent length) widely distributed across South America (Oda et al., 2014). This anuran occurs at the margins of permanent and temporary aquatic habitats (Uetanabaro et al., 2008), preying on a wide variety of taxa, usually invertebrates (Schaefer et al., 2006; Piatti and Souza 2011). Beetles, crickets and spiders are common food items of L. chaquensis (Schaefer et al., 2006; Piatti and Souza 2011). Herein, we report the predation of the Central Dwarf Frog Physalaemus centralis Bokermann, 1962 (Anura: Leptodactylidae) by an individual of L. chaquensis at the margins of a body water within a seasonal decidual forest located in the Recanto Ecológico Rio da Prata private reserve (lat=-21.450450°; long=-56.423651°; datum= WGS 84), municipality of Jardim, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. While conducting a herpetological survey on 29 November 2014 at 20:30 h, we recorded an adult male of L. chaquensis (82.79 mm SVL; 53.6 g) preying on an adult male of P. centralis (35.91 mm SVL; 4.3 g). We observed the Chaco Frog biting the P. centralis in the inguinal region (Figure 1). We manually caught both anurans, euthanized and preserved them in 10% formaldehyde. We deposited P. centralis specimen at the Coleção Zoológica da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (ZUFMS AMP 03468), and we will perform morphological and dietary analysis on L. chaquensis before depositing it in this same collection. Other studies have already registered anurans in stomach contents of L. chaquensis specimens, but the prey species were not identified (Schaefer et al., 2006; Piatti and Souza 2011). Besides this registered event, we also observed L. chaquensis preying on two other anuran species in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso do Sul state (lat=-19.576499°; long=-57.021918°; datum= WGS 84): Elachistocleis matogrosso Caramaschi, 2010 (Microhylidae) and Leptodactylus podicipinus Cope, 1862 (Leptodactylidae). For other congeneric species (L. labyrinthicus, L. latrans and L. pentadactylus), records of predation on frogs are common (Haddad and Sazima 1992; Silva et al., 2003; Rodrigues and Filho 2004, Toledo et al., 2007), including cannibalism (Kokubum and Rodrigues 2005). Thus, despite the Chaco Frog being considered predominantly insectivorous, anurans may constitute an important food item to large individuals. As L. chaquensis is considered a trophic generalist (Schaefer et al., 2006; Piatti & Souza, 2010), the consumption of anurans may be more pronounced in environments with large abundance of small frog species and juveniles. Acknowledgments. RC is grateful to Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo for grant #2014/20924-5, and JST and FLS to Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico. We are grateful to Recanto Ecológico Rio da Prata for permit to access the area. Anurans were collected under license provided by IBAMA # 10379-1. Herpetology Notes, volume 8: 345-346 (2015) (published online on 16 June 2015) Predation on Physalaemus centralis by the Chaco Frog Leptodactylus chaquensis Raul Costa-Pereira 1, *, José L. M. M. Sugai 2 , Samuel Duleba 2 , Larissa S. M. Sugai 2 , Juliana S. Terra 3 and Franco L. Souza 2 1 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia & Biodiversidade, Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista ‘Julio de Mesquita Filho’, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil 2 Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil 3 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil * Corresponding author e-mail: raulcpereira@gmail.com