V. Inequalities in Health and Healthcare Reducing Health Inequalities: Comparison of Survival After Acute Myocardial Infarction According to Health Provider in Chile Faustino Alonso 1 , Carolina Nazzal 1 , Francisco Cerecera 2 , and Jose ´ Ignacio Ojeda 3 Abstract Health inequalities are marked in Chile. To address this situation, a health reform was implemented in 2005 that guarantees acute myocardial infarction (AMI) health care for the entire population. We evaluated if the health reform changed AMI early and long-term survival rates by hospital provider (public/private) using a longitudinal population-based study of patients 15 years with a first AMI in Chile between 2002 and 2011. Time trends and early (within 28 days) and long-term (29–365 days) survival by age were assessed. We identified 59,557 patients: median age of 64 years; 68.9% men; 83.2% treated at public hospitals; 74.4% with public insurance. Early and long-term case-fatality was higher at public hospitals (14.6% vs 9.3%; P <.001 and 5.8% vs 3.3%; P <.001, respectively). There was a higher annual increase for early and long-term survival in public hospitals, 0.008 percentage points (95% CI: 0.006, 0.009; P <.0001) and 0.03 (0.002, 0.003; P <.0001), than in private hospitals, 0.0002 (95% CI: 0.0001, 0.005; P ¼.10) and 0.002 (95% CI: 0.0007, 0.003; P ¼.004), 1 School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile 2 Fondo Nacional de Salud, Ministry of Health, Santiago, Chile 3 School of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile Corresponding Author: Carolina Nazzal, Av. Independencia 939, Independencia, Santiago, Chile. Email: cnazzal@med.uchile.cl International Journal of Health Services 2019, Vol. 49(1) 127–141 ! The Author(s) 2018 Article reuse guidelines: sagepub.com/journals-permissions DOI: 10.1177/0020731418809851 journals.sagepub.com/home/joh