Research Article HolisticApproachinDesigningthePersonalizedBoneScaffold: TheCaseofReconstructionofLargeMissingPieceofMandible CausedbyCongenitalAnatomicAnomaly JelenaR.Milovanovic , 1 MilosS.Stojkovic , 1 KarimN.Husain , 2 NikolaD.Korunovic , 1 andJovanArandjelovic 1 1 Department of Production Information Technologies, University of Nis, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, 18000 Nis, Serbia 2 University of Al-Qadisiyah, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, 58001 Al Diwaniyah, Iraq CorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedtoJelenaR.Milovanovic;jeka.milovanovic@gmail.com Received 22 October 2020; Revised 9 November 2020; Accepted 16 November 2020; Published 23 November 2020 AcademicEditor:SaverioMaietta Copyright©2020JelenaR.Milovanovicetal.isisanopenaccessarticledistributedundertheCreativeCommonsAttribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. epaperreportsontheimportanceofapplyingtheholisticapproachindesigninga personalized bone scaffold,butalsoallother kindsofpersonalizedimplants.Inaddition,thepaperattemptstopointouttheimportantaspectsofthedesignofaPBSagainst whichthequalityofarealisticandapplicabledesignsolutionshouldbeassessed.eholisticapproachreferstotheadaptationof design features of a bone scaffold to the multilateral specifics related to the particular patient, its surgical case, and curing treatment. To ensure a successful application, five aspects of personalized bone scaffold design should be considered while it is being adapted: anatomical congruency, mechanical conformity, biochemical compatibility and biodegradability, manufactur- ability, and implantability. To demonstrate the importance of applying a holistic approach in designing a personalized bone scaffold,thepapershowsacasewhereapatient-specificscaffoldaimedatthereconstructionofa large missing piece of mandible wasdesigned.eresearchresultedinaseriesofrecommendationsregardingthemethodsofbonegeometryreconstructionand scaffold design. e paper sheds new light on the desired mechanical properties of a personalized bone scaffold while also recommendingpossibledesignparametersforoptimizingtheconstructionaccordingtotheseproperties.Finally,itrecommendsa possibleprocedureofintegralproductionofpersonalizedbonescaffoldandbonegraft.epresentedso-calledholisticapproach announces a new systematic process of designing a personalized bone scaffold, which, although requiring a comprehensive consideration of complex requirements, is inevitable to make the designed solution applicable. 1.Introduction To improve the process of recovery of damaged tissue, the currentresearchinthefieldoftissueengineeringisfocused ondevelopingthetissuesubstituentthatisdesignedforeach patient individually, the so-called personalized or patient- specific solution. With regard to the bone scaffold creation, which is an integral part of the bone tissue substituent, primarily serving to provide mechanical support to the weakly consolidated granular consistency of the bone graft, personalization comprehends multilateral adaptation of a bone scaffold design: its geometry should be shaped in accordance with the patient anatomy and implantation conditions whereas mechanical and biochemical features of the scaffold structure should be harmonized to the corre- sponding patient’s specifics. Typical cases when the use of personalized bone scaffold (PBS) is indicated are related to thereconstructionofabonewhosestructureissignificantly damaged;thatis,alargepieceofaboneismissing.eterm large missing piece of the bone referstoabonepiecesolarge that is hard to expect to be recovered by the nature itself. ere are typical cases why some large pieces of the bone could lack. e first case refers to the bones that have been damaged by a mechanical injury (fractures) where broken parts of the bone cannot be placed and fixed in a natural position.Atypicalexampleismultiplebonefractureswhere Hindawi Journal of Healthcare Engineering Volume 2020, Article ID 6689961, 13 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6689961