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Category: Users and Special Populations
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-8239-9.ch113
Keitai and Japanese Adolescents
INTRODUCTION
Adolescents are among the world’s more enthu-
siastic users of mobile phones, demonstrated
particularly by their early adoption of data and
text-based features, such as mobile e-mail and
ringtone downloads. Much of the scholarly atten-
tion paid toward Japanese mobile communication
activities focuses on keitai, which are an early
type of feature phone primarily used in Japan
and characterized by capabilities such as Internet
browsing, e-mail, and support for the creation and
consumption of a variety of media. This article
discusses the integration of keitai into the lives of
Japanese adolescents, concentrating on ways in
which adolescents influenced keitai designs and
functions, how keitai have helped adolescents
reconfigure their social ties, and how they sup-
port new forms of expression and identification
through their media capabilities.
The Japanese phrase for a mobile phone is
keitai denwa, but the word denwa (telephone) is
frequently omitted, shortening the phrase to simply
keitai–literally, “something you take with you.”
This term is an apt descriptor given the constant
presence of keitai in everyday life. Okabe and Ito,
two leading scholars on keitai, explained that:
In contrast to “the cellular phone” or “the mo-
bile” which stress technology and function, the
Japanese term stresses the relation between user
and device. A keitai is not so much about a new
technical capability or freedom of motion, but
about a snug and intimate technosocial tethering,
a personal device supporting communications that
are a constant, lightweight, and mundane pres-
ence in everyday life. (Okabe & Ito, 2005, p. 1)
In this article, we use the term keitai rather than
mobile phone, following the recommendation put
forward by Matsuda (2005a) that this term allows
one to refer to mobile phones as existing within and
shaped by Japanese society, rather than external
objects. This is intended to support a conception
of keitai as more than simply cell phones used in
a particular region, but as cultural artifacts deeply
informed by Japanese customs and culture.
During the 1990s, keitai were designed with
communication as their main purpose, but since
2000 have come to permeate numerous other
everyday activities. This has led young people to
joke that “they would not be able to ride the train
or even get up in the morning” without their keitai
(Matsuda, 2010, p. 32). One of the most striking
aspects of keitai compared to mobile phones in
other regions is the rate at which they are used for
accessing the Internet. The emergence of mobile
media activities in Japan was supported by the
launch of i-Mode by NTT DoCoMo in 1999, which
was the world’s first commercial mobile Internet
service. Although i-Mode quickly developed a
large user base, many adolescents bemoaned the
high cost of bandwidth, using the term pake-shi
(packet-death) to refer to using keitai services they
couldn’t afford (2010, p. 33). These concerns were
one reason that some users limited themselves
to basic Internet features, such as e-mail, which
became extremely important for young users par-
ticularly. A survey conducted in 2002 indicated that
89.2 per cent of teens (ages 12-19) used the e-mail
Jack Jamieson
Ryerson University, Canada & York University, Canada
Jeffrey Boase
Ryerson University, Canada