American even though they are just as likely as the majority to believe abstractly in freedom, equality, active membership in a community, diversity, and so on. Rather, they reject their American identity because the majority’s application of these values leads minorities to feel excluded. Schildkraut defines American iden- tity as a set of beliefs and values, but she intelligently and adroitly raises important questions in her book that will force researchers to think more carefully about what it means to be an American. Anyone interested in American identity or language policy ought to read this book if they want to be pushed to think deeply about these topics. Elizabeth Theiss-Morse University of Nebraska-Lincoln REFERENCES Jay, J. (1961). The Federalist papers; Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, John Jay. Edited by C. L. Rossiter. New York: New American Library. Smith, R. M. (1997). Civic ideals: Conflicting visions of citizenship in U.S. history. New Haven: Yale University Press. Theiss-Morse, E. (2005). “Benefitting the national group—At least some of it: The consequences of Limiting who counts as an American.” Presented at the annual meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association. Making China Policy: From Nixon to G. W. Bush. By Jean A. Garrison. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc. 2005. 255 pp. In Making China Policy, Jean Garrison surveys the elite level, executive branch sources of American policy toward China. Ranging across seven presidents and nearly forty years, this is a work of substantial scope. Throughout, it uses a systematic structure to analyze the way in which the decision-making process shapes foreign policy, as well as the way that “strategic framing” shapes both the process and policy. The book carefully constructs comparisons between the various presidential administrations across three central dimensions: “the degree of centralization of each advisory system, the nature of group dynamics, and the degree of presidential involvement” (p. 5). In this, it builds on Garrison’s own approach honed in previous work on the independent effect of the “advisory process” in shaping foreign policy during the Nixon and Carter Administrations. For the present study, the author draws on a broad array of sources, including archival materials, oral history projects, her own interviews, and a wide range of secondary sources. She provides students and scholars with detailed information on the internal decision making in the executive branch that leads toWashington’s China policy. 139 Book Reviews