1 Tuberculosis Surveillance of Elephants (Elephas maximus) in Nepal at the Captive-Wild Interface Susan K Mikota, Kamal Gairhe, Kamal Giri, Karin Hamilton, Michele Miller, Sarad Paudel, Konstantin Lyashchenko, R Scott Larsen, Janet Payeur, W. Ray Waters, Rena Greenwald, Genevieve Dumonceaux, Barbara Vincent, and Gretchen E. Kaufman. Susan K Mikota Elephant Care International 166 Limo View Lane Hohenwald TN 38462, USA Kamal Gairhe Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Sauraha, Chitwan National Park Nepal Kamal Giri Government of Nepal Biratnagar Nepal Karin Hamilton College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota 385 ASVM, 1988 Fitch Avenue St. Paul, MN 55108, USA Michele Miller Stellenbosch University DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research MRC Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences P.O. Box 19063, Francie van Zijl Drive Tygerberg 7505, South Africa Sarad Paudel Laboratory of Wildlife Biology and Medicine Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine Hokkaido University Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan Konstantin Lyashchenko Chembio Diagnostic Systems, Inc. 3661 Horseblock Road Medford, NY 11763, USA