Research Article
The Potential of the Quick Detection of Selectins Using Raman
Spectroscopy to Discriminate Lung Cancer Patients from
Healthy Subjects
Edyta Wolny-Rokicka ,
1,2
Andrzej Tukiendorf,
3
Jerzy Wydma´ nski,
4
and Agnieszka Zembro´ n-Lacny
2
1
Department of Radiotherapy, Provincial Multidisciplinary Hospital in Gorz´ ow Wielkopolski, ul Dekerta 1,
66-400 Gorz´ ow Wielkopolski, Poland
2
Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Zielona G´ ora, ul. Zyty 28, 65-046 Zielona G´ ora, Poland
3
Social Medicine Department, Medical University in Wrocław, ul. Bujwida 44, 50-345 Wrocław, Poland
4
Department of Radiotherapy, Center of Oncology-Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Institute, Branch in Gliwice,
ul. Wybrze˙ za Armii Krajowej 15, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland
Correspondence should be addressed to Edyta Wolny-Rokicka; edyta.wolny@gmail.com
Received 14 July 2018; Accepted 26 August 2018; Published 3 October 2018
Academic Editor: Jose S. Camara
Copyright © 2018 Edyta Wolny-Rokicka et al. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution
License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
is study aimed at determining the concentration of P-selectins in lung cancer patients in different stages and healthy subjects.
en, the ability of the methodology developed to discriminate the existence of lung cancer was also evaluated. Serum spectra were
obtained using Raman spectroscopy (RS). Blood samples were taken from subjects divided into two groups: group 1—comparing
data from 22 patients clinically diagnosed with cancer before versus after medical intervention; group 2—comparing data from 10
palliative patients versus 17 healthy volunteers. e RS analysis of the samples revealed the presence of five very similar peaks in
both groups 1 and 2. is leads to the conclusion that a medical intervention in cancer cases gives results comparable to those
obtained from healthy subjects. e study indicates that the use of Raman spectroscopy can produce a better classification of
cancer patients. However, diagnostically the results have not been statistically significant, probably due to the limited number of
samples gathered. A larger number of samples would be required for future verification.
1. Introduction
P-selectin is a molecule which belongs to the selectin family
together with P-platelets, E-endothelials, and L-leukocytes.
It is stored in the granules and the endothelial cell—the
Weibel–Palade bodies on platelets. It is a cell adhesion
molecule present on the surface of an activated vascular
endothelial cell, which is responsible for the interaction of
the inner layer of blood vessels with activated thrombocytes
[1–4]. e physiological functions of selectins in the pro-
cesses of inflammation, immune response, wound repair,
and homeostasis have been described before [5]. P-selectin,
in particular, is an important disease marker as it plays an
essential role in many inflammatory processes including
cancer, coronary artery disease, stroke, and diabetes [6, 7].
is molecule is stored on the cell surface of the endothelial
cell and platelets, and after rapid endothelium stimulation
(e.g., by thrombin, histamine, and reactive oxidized sub-
stances), P-selectin is translocated on the surface of the
endothelial cell. It was recognized that P-selectin may be
a candidate involved in the metastatic process [8–10]. ere
are studies reporting that P-selectin plays a functional role in
metastasis formation in breast, colon [11, 12], and lung
cancers [10, 13]. ere was a study which explained a deeper
role of P-selectin. e study showed that after the removal of
the cell surface mucin from tumor cells in the lungs of mice
(in the absence of P-selectin), a reduction of metastasis can
be observed [8]. In several laboratory studies, P-selectin is
described as a potential candidate for biomarkers whose
higher concentration is presented and involved in the
Hindawi
Journal of Spectroscopy
Volume 2018, Article ID 7843208, 5 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/7843208