Copyright: © the author(s), publisher and licensee Technoscience Academy. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology Print ISSN: 2395-6011 | Online ISSN: 2395-602X (www.ijsrst.com) doi : https://doi.org/10.32628/IJSRST218262 440 Surrogate Safety Measures : A Review on Time Proximity and Evasive Action Based Indicators Rahul C. Matade 1 , Dipali R. Khamankar 2 , Dr. Manish Dutta 3 , Dr. Bhalchandra V. Khode 4 1 M. Tech, Transportation Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, G H Raisoni College of Engineering, Nagpur University, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India 2 M. Tech, Transportation Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, G H Raisoni College of Engineering, Nagpur University, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India 3 Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, G H Raisoni College of Engineering, Nagpur University, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India 4 Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, G H Raisoni College of Engineering, Nagpur University, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India Article Info Volume 8, Issue 2 Page Number : 440-450 Publication Issue March-April-2021 Article History Accepted : 01 April 2021 Published : 03 April 2021 ABSTRACT Surrogate safety measures are gaining more interest in the field of traffic safety analysis due to the limitations of traditional methods. Traffic conflict techniques (TCTs) is one of the surrogate safety measure. The most appealing aspect of conflict indicators is their ability to capture severity of collision data objectively within shorter period of time. This paper comparatively reviews the methodology and application of proximal surrogate safety indicators. In this paper, the surrogate safety measures are grouped in two categories namely time proximity indicators and evasive action based indicators. For each of indicators, the paper provides the guidelines as well as prominent features, including critical and threshold values. The paper also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the reviewed indicators. Keywords : Surrogate safety measures, Traffic conflict techniques, Time proximity indicators, Evasive action based indicators I. INTRODUCTION Surrogate safety measures such as traffic conflict techniques (TCTs) are gaining more interest to study the traffic safety from a broader perspective than relaying only on collision data. The application of traffic conflict techniques (TCTs) for analysis of traffic safety problems has seen considerable research interest, having acquired acceptance as a proactive surrogate approach [30]. Research on TCT basically started in the late 1960s. The approach is previously used to identify the safety problems related to vehicle construction [31]. Traffic conflict techniques can improve our understanding into the failure mechanism and chain of events which leads to road traffic collision and resulting consequences [48]. A widely accepted definition of traffic conflict is ‘an observable situation in which two or more road- users