who live in the wetlands? 89 Who live in the wetlands? Multispecies collectives and controversies in conservation 6 Paride Bollettin 1 Introduction In recent year a growing attention is being voted to the ecological crisis and consequent habitat loss at a global level. Despite the im- plementation of global agreements, such as the Kyoto Protocol, all the targets for the limitation of anthropogenic impacts on the Earth’s ecosystems have been failed. Consequences are evident, and in the last decades several changes happened in the relations between people and “nature”. Some scholars discuss evidences that these impacts in the terms of the emergence of an anthropogenic geological era, the so- called Anthropocene (Crutzen e Stoermer, 2000). Despite this position is not unanimous among specialists, the controversy lets the question of the relation between people and environment to emerge in his ur- gency. One of the main causes of this environmental crisis, which in- clude global warming, desertification, glacial defrost, among others, is the increase of human population. Obviously, this is not reflected only in the environmental conditions, but also in a related escalation of social tensions (Eriksen, 2018). An unsuspected anthropologist, in the 1955, already appointed on the effects of the growing human pop- ulation on the planet: 1 This paper has been presented in May 2029 at the Latvian Association of Anthro- pology. BOLLETTIN_2.indd 89 01/12/2020 08:01:20