dependent and it reveals that the highest removal percent in pH 10 at clay 125 μl (0.025 mg/L), and also 100% at pH 6, 8, and 11. At clay 500 μl (0.01 mg/L), we could not get a high removal percent, because of the saturation of clay and because there is no binding sites for adsorption. Reference 1. Ruiz-Hitzky, E., Ariga, K., and Lvov, Y.: Bio-inorganic hybrid nanomaterials. Wiley- VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim (2008). doi:10.1016/j.jbiosc.2009.08.251 EN-P19 Removal of malachite green from aqueous solution by organic clay Eui jin Kim, and Hyun-jae Shin Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea Malachite green (4-[(4-dimethylaminophenyl)-phenyl-methyl]-N, N-dimethyl-aniline, MG), also called aniline green and basic green 4, is a toxic chemical primarily used as a dye. In this work, the potential feasibility of organic nanoclay for removal of MG, a cationic dye from aqueous solution was investigated. Among various organic clays, aminopropyl fuctionalized magnesium phyllosilicate (AMP) clay pre- pared by sol-gel method was used in this study (1). The organoclay, which was initially prepared as a bulk precipitate by room temperature hydrolysis/condensation of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane in ethanolic solution of MgCl 2 , consists of stacked sheets of a talc-like phyllosilicate with covalently attached aminoprophyl groups that extend into the interlamellar spaces. Removal experiments showed that the process was strongly pH-dependent. Removal percentage was much higher in basic condition. The equilibrium parameters were estimated by non- linear regression analysis. The equilibrium process was described well by the Langmuir isotherm-like model. The organic clays maximum clay dosage was found to be 0.1 mg/10 ml and removal capacity was found to be 227.42 mg/g at room temperature. The kinetics of MG removal on organic nanoclay followed the Lagergren's pseudo-first-order model. The thermodynamics parameters of activation such as Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, entropy were also evaluated and found that ΔG, ΔH, and ΔS are 334.14(353.28, 373.40) kJ/mol, 47.74(47.58, 47.41) kJ/mol, - 0.97695(- 0.97621, - 0.97849) kJ/(K mol) at 20(40, 60) °C. In addition, MG-AMP composites disordered matrix was observed by X-Ray diffraction analysis. Reference 1. Ruiz-Hitzky, E., Ariga, K., and Lvov, Y.: Bio-inorganic hybrid nanomaterials. Wiley- VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim (2008). doi:10.1016/j.jbiosc.2009.08.252 EN-P20 Application of talc for removal of malachite green Jin-youn Kim, Eui jin Kim, and Hyun-jae Shin Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea Talc is a mineral composed of hydrated magnesium silicate with the chemical formula H 2 Mg 3 (SiO 3 ) 4 or Mg 3 Si 4 O 10 (OH) 2 . In loose form, it is the widely used substance known as talcum powder. It has a perfect basal cleavage, and the folia are non-elastic, although slightly flexible. Talc is not soluble in water, but it is slightly soluble in dilute mineral acids. In this study, batch sorption experiments were carried out to remove malachite green (MG) from aqueous solution using talc. MG primarily used as cationic dye was classified a Class Health Hazard because of its toxicity. The operating variables studied were solution pH and temperature, contact time and initial MG concentration. Adsorption experiments showed that the process was strongly pH- dependent. Zeta potential value of talc was found to be negative charge within the pH range 4–10. Kinetic studies showed that the process reached equilibrium in 3 h. The data were fitted using the pseudo-first and second order kinetic equations. In order to determine the adsorption capacity, the sorption data were analyzed using linear form of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm (1). The data were fitted using the Langmuir isotherm and the adsorption capacity is 27.8 mg/g. The hydrophobic characteristic of the talc basal plane surface favors the hydrophobic interaction with the nonpolar tail of anionic surfactants such as soap, and renders the basal plane surface hydrophilic. Addition of anionic surfactants to the talc has increased the adsorption capacity. Reference 1. Hameed, B.H. and El-Khaiary, M.I.: Batch removal of malachite green from aqueous solutions by adsorption on oil palm trunk fibre: equilibrium isotherms and kinetic studies, J. Hazard. Mat., 154, 237-244 (2008). doi:10.1016/j.jbiosc.2009.08.253 EN-P21 Monitoring color removal of trypan blue by AMP clay Gayathri Chandrasekaran, and Hyun-Jae Shin Department of chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Chosun University, Gwanju, Republic of Korea The aim of our study is to suggest a new method for the color removal process for azo dyes in the industrial waste water using aminopropyl- functionalized magnesium pyllosilicate (AMP clay). Azo dyes such as trypan blue are mainly used in paper industry and considered as chemical carcinogens. The colored industrial waste- water may require color removal before discharge in the receiving medium (1). AMP clay is used widely in various research fields due to its easy production and low cost (2). The kinetic study was performed on three parameters such as pH, time and the concentration of the adsorbent dosage. The study revealed that the percent dye removal decreased with an increase in the initial dye concentration in the solution and the amount of dye uptake increased with an increase in contact time and remained constant when it reaches the equilibrium. This proved that removal percent is dependent on the initial dye concentration. The equilibrium time for the adsorbent was 120 min. The effect of adsorbent dosage on percent dye removal is found to be 60–90% at 0.2–5.0 g/L, respectively. An increase in the percentage removal reached the constant value at a particular dosage level. This may be due to the availability of more binding sites at higher adsorbent dosages. Maximum dye adsorption 95% was observed at pH 8.0 and at acidic pH the dye adsorption was unfavorable. It was observed that color of the trypan blue in the aqueous solution gradually decreases due to its effect of adsorption on AMP clay. S86 Abstracts / Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering 108 (2009) S75–S95