Six Degrees of Freedom Robotic Testbed for Control
Systems Laboratory
Muhammad Awais Arshad, Muhammad Majid Gulzar,
Jawad Khalid Qureshi, Aamir Hayat
Faculty of Engineering
University of Central Punjab
Lahore, Pakistan
awais_arshad@ucp.edu.pk
Mohammad Shamir, Fawad Ahmed, Sadia Rasheed
National Transmission and Despatch Company
Water and Power Development Authority
Lahore, Pakistan
Abstract—A 6-DoF robotic testbed has been proposed, designed
and developed for university students to learn the concepts of
control systems theory in robotics. Testbed is comprised of two parts
namely; 6-DoF platform and ball-plate balancing payload. Robotic
maneuvers in platform are generated through rotary Stewart-
Gough mechanism using inverse kinematic algorithm. Ball-plate
balancing payload is fixed on top of platform. This paper presents a
comparison among generic testbeds, available at standard control
system laboratories. Design of robotic platform along with payload
has been detailed and tested with software simulations in MATLAB
Simulink. This work explains complete electrical, mechanical and
software design along with development, testing and results.
Keywords—ball-plate system; control system; degrees of
freedom; rotary; robotic testbed; Stewart
I. INTRODUCTION
Dynamical systems (living organisms, electrical and
electronic systems, mechanical systems, electromechanical
systems, industrial systems, market behaviors, ecology, and so
forth) can be considered, analyzed and controlled using
information and system theories. As an illustrative example,
the driver controls a car by managing speed, acceleration and
steering wheel position using incoming information, such as
traffic congestion, weather conditions, road conditions, red
light monitoring, road signs etc. Concepts related to the control
of dynamical systems are studied under the discipline of
control system theory. Control system engineering is of
significant interest in broad spectrum of science and
technology and is applied to major advanced systems including
but not limited to aircrafts, satellites, launch vehicles, rockets,
missiles, submarines, torpedo, and cars [1]. Because of its
diverse applications and industrial significance, control system
engineering is a core subject for electrical, mechanical,
mechatronics, chemical and aerospace engineering students.
Engineering institutes develop control system laboratories for
students to learn and practice control system theory. Control
system laboratories are equipped with educational testbeds
with applications specific to relevant industries. A good testbed
for control system laboratory include some sensors/transducers,
actuators, plant, input reference, input filter and comparator.
Most common testbeds include inverted pendulum, DC/AC
modular servo systems, magnetic levitator, twin rotor system,
pneumatic servo systems, hydraulic servo systems etc.
Twin-rotor-system control is somewhat similar to the
control of a helicopter where two different rotors are provided
to controls the horizontal level and direction of a beam.
Inverted pendulum is considered a standard control laboratory
equipment to be used by students to stabilize a naturally
unstable system through different control schemes. Magnetic
levitation testbed is used to magnetically levitate a ball at a
particular height in free air using electro-magnetic force by
controlling the current passing through electro-magnet. 2-DoF
Ball-and-plate balancing system is also used as a control
system laboratory testbed where position of a ball is controlled
onto a plate under the action of gravitational force and
rotational forces on plate in two degrees of freedom.
Instantaneous position of a ball is detected either with a touch
sensitive plate or with the help of digital camera on top of
plate.
Aforementioned educational testbeds are good for basic
understanding of fundamental concepts in linear control system
theory but very simple to work with. Ordinary educational
testbed cannot challenge the cognitive or psychomotor skills of
university students. Advanced industrial robotic systems, on
the other hand, are quite complex and require good expertise in
dynamic/kinematic modelling, algorithm design, sensor data
processing, actuator commanding and cascaded control system
design. Considering above mentioned industrial requirements,
this paper proposes a testbed for control system laboratories
which is a compromise between ordinary simplistic educational
testbeds and complex advanced industrial systems.
Proposed testbed is comprised of two parts namely; 6-DoF
platform and ball-plate balancing payload. Ball-plate balancing
payload is fixed tightly on the top of 6-DoF platform as shown
in Fig. 1. Theme of this testbed is to move testbed in such a
way that it can control the position of ball placed freely on
plate. Instantaneous position of ball is detected with the help of
a digital camera and associated digital image processing
scheme. Ball-plate payload, fixed to platform, can execute six
different maneuvers (roll, pitch, yaw, serge, sway and heave)
with ranges of ±10 degrees in rotational domain (roll, pitch and
yaw) and ±10cm in translational domain (serge, sway and
heave).
978-1-5386-2234-6/17/$31.00 ©2017 IEEE
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