_____________________________________________________________________________________________________ *Corresponding author: E-mail: prembharti406@gmail.com; Journal of Experimental Agriculture International 42(3): 107-118, 2020; Article no.JEAI.56836 ISSN: 2457-0591 (Past name: American Journal of Experimental Agriculture, Past ISSN: 2231-0606) Nitrogen Transformation in Waterlogged Soil in Indian Rice Fields: A Review Rajat Kumar Parit 1 , P. K. Bharteey 1* , Bishnu Jyoti Saikia 1 , Sarat Sekhar Bora 2 , P. K. Maurya 3 and Ruthy Tabing 4 1 Department of Soil Science, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat-785013, Assam, India. 2 Department of Agronomy, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat-785013, Assam, India. 3 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Agricultural Sciences Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, Uttar Pradesh, India. 4 Department of Plant Pathology, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Science, Uttar Pradesh, India. Authors’ contributions This work was carried out in collaboration among all authors. Authors RKP and PKB designed the study, performed the statistical analysis, wrote the protocol and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Authors BJS and SSB managed the analyses of the study. Author RT studied microbial process. Author PKM managed the literature searches. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Article Information DOI: 10.9734/JEAI/2020/v42i330488 Editor(s): (1) Renata Guimarães Moreira-Whitton, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil. Reviewers: (1) Ronaldir Knoblauch, Epagri - Institute of Agricultural Research and Rural Extension of Santa Catarina State, Brazil. (2) George M. Tetteh, University of Mines and Technology, Ghana. Complete Peer review History: http://www.sdiarticle4.com/review-history/56836 Received 08 March 2020 Accepted 15 May 2020 Published 22 May 2020 ABSTRACT No other element can match the essentiality of nitrogen in soil for growth and development of plants and its transformations among various forms viz., nitrite, nitrate, ammonium are mostly mediated by microbes. As its transformation depends on major microbial activity and thus, there is a huge difference between the transformation of it in aerobic soil and anaerobic soil. This difference mainly arises due to presence and absence of oxygen. The absence of oxygen in soil creates anaerobic condition and thus promotes the growth of anaerobic microbes. In submerged soil, applied nitrogen is lost in various forms such as volatilization, denitrification, leaching and runoff out of which ammonium volatilization causes the maximum loss. The recovery of applied nitrogen, as recorded from various filed experiments in India, has been found to vary from 28 to 34% for submerged rice. The chemistry of nitrogen in submerged soil is quite interesting for this review. Review Article